Social Studies 10

A law that defines the archipelagic baselines of the Philippines in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

• RA 9522 (Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law)

• RA 3046

  (AN ACT DEFINE THE BASELINES OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA OF THE PHILIPPINES)

• ARTICLE 1 OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

• Administrative Order No. 29 Section 1

_________ are the waters on the landward side of a coastal state's baseline

• Territorial Sea

• Internal Waters

• Exclusive Economic Zone

• Contiguous Zone

Waters beyond the EEZ are considered part of the high seas, where no single country has sovereignty.

• High Seas

• Contiguous Zone

• Continental Shelf

• Territorial Sea

The seabed and subsoil extending beyond the territorial sea, up to 200 nautical miles or further if the natural continental margin extends.

• High Seas

• Contiguous Zone

• Continental Shelf

• Territorial Sea

It is a much broader expanse of water, often described as a semienclosed sea, bounded by China/Taiwan in the north, by the Philippines in the east, and by Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Brunei in the west and south.

• West Philippine Sea

• South China Sea

Through this principle, foreign vessels are allowed to pass, as long as their navigation does not threaten peace, order, or security.

• 1. Maritime Rights

• 1. Innocent Passage

• 1. Territorial Sovereignty

• 1. Exclusive Economic Zone

This reinforced the Philippines' EEZ and declared China's historical claims as lacking legal basis.

• President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III issued Administrative Order No. 29 (2012)

• Philippine Constitution (1987)

• UNCLOS

  (1982)

• Arbitral Award (2016)

Corruption often involves two or more parties engaging in an exchange of favors, money, or influence to achieve mutual benefit at the expense of ethics, laws, or public welfare.

• An anti-democratic act

• A transactional Process

• A political powerplay

• It breeds inequality and injustice

This occurs at the highest levels of government and often involves systemic issues.

• Petty corruption

• Grand corruption

Powerful individuals or groups influencing government policies and decisions for their benefit.

• Embezzlement

• Cronynism

• State capture

• Money laundering