The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment (1500–1780)

What was the key factor that moved Europe from a primarily religious worldview to a secular one during the Scientific Revolution?

• The invention of the printing press

• The rise of humanism

• The development of the scientific method

• The Protestant Reformation

Who were some of the key figures in developing a new concept of a universe based on natural laws during the Scientific Revolution?

• Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei

• Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr

• Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel

• Marie Curie and Louis Pasteur

Match the following beliefs with their descriptions regarding the universe during the Renaissance:

• Common-sense approach for Christians

• The Earth was the center of the universe

• Unexplained phenomena

• The universe was infinite

• Concept of an endless cosmos

• The universe was a mystery

• Heliocentric theory

• The Sun was the center of the universe

Nicholas Copernicus suggested in his book 'On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres' that:

• The Earth is the center of the universe.

• The Sun is the center of the universe.

• The Moon is the center of the universe.

• The stars are the center of the universe.

Which of the following was NOT a belief during the Middle Ages regarding the universe?

• The earth was the center of the universe.

• The universe was governed by natural laws.

• The universe was made up of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.

• The earth was stationary.

Who was the Danish astronomer that set the stage for the study of modern astronomy by building an observatory and collecting data for over twenty years?

Fill in the blank: Johannes Kepler used his data to support Brahe’s data and Copernicus’ idea that the planets move around the sun in ______, not circular, orbits.

• elliptical

• triangular

• rectangular

• square

What was the cornerstone of modern science established by Galileo Galilei?

• The theory of relativity

• The scientific method

• The law of gravity

• The periodic table

According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, what does every body in the universe do?

• Attract every other body with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

• Repel every other body with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

• Remain stationary unless acted upon by an external force.

• Move in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external force.

True or False: Francis Bacon believed that new knowledge had to be acquired through deductive reasoning.

• True

• False