Socialisation and the Creation of Social Identity

What is meant by the term values?

Answer explanation

Values are shared beliefs about what is desirable in a society. These guide individuals' actions and judgments.

What is meant by the term social roles?

Answer explanation

Social roles refer to expected patterns of behavior associated with specific positions in society.

What is meant by the term norms?

Answer explanation

Norms are social rules that dictate acceptable behavior in particular situations.

Describe two examples of social norms.

Answer explanation

1. Greeting people politely, such as saying 'hello,' is a norm that fosters positive social interactions.
2. Observing traffic laws, like stopping at red lights, ensures safety and order on the roads.

Explain why norms may vary between different social groups.

Answer explanation

Norms vary because they reflect the distinct values, beliefs, and practices of different social groups.

Describe two examples of sanctions that encourage people to follow the norms of society.

Answer explanation

1. Positive sanctions: Praise or rewards for good behavior, such as a student receiving a certificate for academic excellence.
2. Negative sanctions: Punishments like fines for breaking traffic rules.

'Education is the most important agent of socialisation in shaping identity.' Explain this view.

Answer explanation

Education is the most important agent of socialisation in shaping identity because it instills knowledge, values, and skills necessary for functioning in society.

'The media is the most influential agent of socialisation in shaping an individual's identity.' Explain this view.

Answer explanation

The media influences identity by disseminating cultural norms and shaping public opinion.

'The family is the main influence on gender identity.' Explain this view.

Answer explanation

Families play a key role in shaping gender identity through primary socialisation.