New Unit 2 AC2.3

How do Functionalist theories view the role of crime in society?

• Crime is a result of biological differences.

• Crime is inevitable and plays a functional role by reinforcing norms and enabling societal progress.

• Crime is solely a result of poverty and inequality.

• Crime is a social construct created through interactions and labels.

According to Marxist theories, what is the primary cause of crime in capitalist societies?

• Biological differences and inadequate socialisation.

• The unequal structure of capitalist society and exploitation by the bourgeoisie.

• The lack of effective law enforcement.

• The inherent deviance of certain individuals.

What does labelling theory suggest about the nature of crime?

• Crime is a result of rational choice and routine activities.

• Crime is a social construct, and acts are only criminal when society labels them as such.

• Crime is inevitable due to inadequate socialisation.

• Crime is caused by biological differences.

Which of the following is a key concept in Right Realist explanations of criminality?

• Relative deprivation.

• Anomie.

• Rational Choice Theory.

• Subculture.

How do Left Realists explain the high crime rates in areas with high unemployment and deprivation?

• Crime is a result of biological differences.

• Crime is caused by the lack of effective socialisation.

• Crime is due to relative deprivation, subculture, and marginalisation.

• Crime is a social construct created through interactions and labels.

What is the concept of "anomie" in Functionalist theories?

• A state of normlessness where shared societal norms lose their strength.

• A rational decision-making process where offenders weigh risks against rewards.

• A social construct created through interactions and labels.

• A result of the unequal structure of capitalist society.

According to Marxist theories, how are laws and the criminal justice system viewed?

• As tools to maintain social order and equality.

• As mechanisms to protect the interests of the capitalist class and maintain inequality.

• As unbiased systems that treat all individuals equally.

• As constructs that are irrelevant to the functioning of society.

What is the "self-fulfilling prophecy" in labelling theory?

• The idea that crime is inevitable due to inadequate socialisation.

• The process where being labelled as deviant leads individuals to embrace that label and engage in more criminal behaviour.

• The belief that crime is a rational choice.

• The notion that crime is a result of biological differences.

Which theory emphasises the role of biological differences in explaining criminality?

• Functionalist theory.

• Marxist theory.

• Right Realist theory.

• Labelling theory.

How do Left Realists view the enforcement of laws against different social classes?

• Laws are enforced equally across all social classes.

• Laws are enforced more strictly against the working class, while white-collar and corporate crimes often go unpunished.

• Laws are irrelevant to the functioning of society.

• Laws are primarily focused on biological differences.