Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that

• energy is always created and destroyed.

• energy is never created or destroyed, it just transfers [moves] and transforms [changes].

• energy is always created; but never destroyed or transformed [changes].

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A girl is riding her skateboard down a hill. She speeds up as she goes down the hill, and the wheels get a little warmer. What energy transformations happen while she is going down the hill?

• Kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy and thermal energy.

• Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy and thermal energy.

• Potential energy is transformed only into kinetic energy.

• No energy transformations are involved while she is going down the hill.

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Which of these statements is true according to the Law of Conservation of Energy?

• Energy can be created.

• Energy can be destroyed.

• Energy can change forms.

• Energy can change into mass.

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Your laptop was left on all night without being charged. When you wake up, the battery is dead. What happened to the battery's energy?

• It was destroyed.

• It was transformed to light, heat, and sound energy.

• Nothing happened to the battery.

• It escaped into the atmosphere as radiation.

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A glass of warm lemonade and ice cubes is left on a counter at room temperature. Which statement best describes the transfer of energy in the glass?

• Energy is transferred from the cooler ice cubes to the warmer lemonade.

• Energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade to the cooler ice cubes.

• Energy is not transferred.

• Energy is destroyed.

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Which statement describes the direction of heat flow according to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

• Heat flows from a cooler object to a warmer object.

• Heat flows from a warmer object to a cooler object.

• Thermal energy cannot be absorbed.

• Heat flows between two objects that have the same temperature.

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Which of the following describes the transfer of thermal energy that occurs as a student holds a piece of ice in her hand?

• Thermal energy transfers from her hand to the ice.

• Thermal energy transfers from the ice to her hand.

• Thermal energy transfers rapidly back and forth between her hand and the ice.

• Thermal energy does not transfer between objects at different temperatures.

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Julie set a hot cup of coffee on the counter. The thermal energy from the coffee moved to the environment around the cup. When did the thermal energy stop transferring?

• Never, thermal energy always transfers between objects.

• When the temperatures of the coffee and the environment around it became the same.

• When the coffee was colder than the environment.

• When the environment was colder than the coffee.

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An ice cube is placed in a cup of warm tea and quickly melts. Which statement BEST explains what happened?

• Thermal energy was transferred from the ice cube to the tea.

• Thermal energy was transferred from the tea to the ice cube.

• Some thermal energy in the tea was destroyed.

• The ice cube dissolved into the tea and cooled the tea by diffusion.

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Which of the following explains what may happen when you remove heat from liquid?

• The liquid molecules move closer together and become a solid.

• The liquid molecules move farther apart and the liquid becomes gas.

• The liquid molecules stay in place and the liquid gets warmer.

• The liquid molecules evaporate into individual particles.

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