Scientists are exploring the use of antibodies from COVID-19 survivors and llamas to combat the virus. Llama antibodies, particularly from a llama named Winter, show promise due to their unique structure and ability to neutralize coronaviruses. These antibodies are smaller and more stable, making them suitable for various medical applications. However, challenges remain in producing them sustainably and testing their efficacy. If successful, they could aid in treatment and improve diagnostic tests.

What is the primary reason scientists are interested in antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients?

• They can be used to create vaccines.

• They are more stable than other proteins.

• They contain immune proteins that can help fight the virus.

• They are easy to produce in large quantities.

What makes single domain antibodies different from regular antibodies?

• They are less stable in heat.

• They are larger and more complex.

• They have both heavy and light chains.

• They consist of only a single heavy chain.

Why are single domain antibodies considered advantageous in medical applications?

• They are more stable and can fit into smaller spaces.

• They are larger and more complex.

• They are less precise in targeting pathogens.

• They are more expensive to produce.

What was the initial focus of the research involving Winter the llama?

• To find antibodies against the common cold.

• To see if llama antibodies could neutralize SARS and MERS.

• To develop a vaccine for COVID-19.

• To study the effects of antibodies on cancer.

What is a significant challenge in using llama antibodies for COVID-19 treatment?

• They are ineffective against all coronaviruses.

• They are not stable enough for medical use.

• They cannot be produced in large quantities easily.

• They are too large to be effective.

How might llama antibodies be used as a preventative measure for healthcare workers?

• By applying them topically.

• By administering them with an inhaler.

• By using them in a vaccine.

• By injecting them directly into the bloodstream.

What potential benefit could llama antibodies have on diagnostic tests?

• They could make tests more expensive.

• They could increase the false positive rate.

• They could make tests more complex.

• They could improve accuracy and reduce costs.