Understanding Separation Processes

What is diffusion and how does it occur?

• Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration due to random motion.

• Diffusion is the movement of molecules from low to high concentration.

• Diffusion is the process of molecules being forced together by external pressure.

• Diffusion occurs only in gases and not in liquids or solids.

Explain the process of distillation.

• Distillation involves freezing a mixture to separate components.

• Distillation is a method of mixing liquids thoroughly.

• Distillation is a process of crushing solids into powder.

• Distillation is a process of separating components in a mixture based on differences in boiling points.

What is absorption in the context of separation processes?

• Absorption is the process of one substance being taken up by another, often used in separation processes to remove or recover components.

• Absorption refers to the mixing of two liquids to create a solution.

• Absorption is the process of filtering out solid particles from a liquid.

• Absorption is the process of heating a substance to separate its components.

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

• Temperature has no effect on the rate of diffusion.

• Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion.

• Higher temperatures slow down the rate of diffusion.

• Lower temperatures decrease the rate of diffusion.

Describe the principle behind fractional distillation.

• Fractional distillation separates mixtures based on differences in boiling points.

• Fractional distillation is used to mix liquids thoroughly.

• Fractional distillation relies on the density of liquids.

• Fractional distillation is a method for cooling gases.

What are the main differences between absorption and adsorption?

• Absorption and adsorption are interchangeable terms used in chemistry.

• Absorption occurs only in liquids, whereas adsorption can only happen in gases.

• Absorption is the process of one substance being taken into the volume of another, while adsorption is the adhesion of molecules to a surface.

• Absorption involves the release of energy, while adsorption requires energy input.

In what industries is distillation commonly used?

• Education, transportation, healthcare, and insurance industries.

• Petrochemical, beverage, pharmaceutical, and food industries.

• Agriculture, mining, real estate, and entertainment industries.

• Construction, automotive, textile, and electronics industries.

How does concentration gradient influence diffusion?

• Concentration gradient has no effect on diffusion rates.

• Particles move from low to high concentration in diffusion.

• A steeper gradient decreases the rate of diffusion.

• Concentration gradient influences diffusion by driving particles from high to low concentration, with a steeper gradient increasing the rate of diffusion.

What equipment is typically used in distillation?

• Distillation flask, heat source, condenser, receiving flask

• Centrifuge, microscope, petri dish

• Burette, pipette, test tube

• Beaker, thermometer, stirring rod

Explain the role of a solvent in the absorption process.

• The solvent only serves to dilute the absorbent without affecting absorption.

• The solvent prevents the solute from interacting with the absorbent.

• The solvent acts as a barrier that isolates the solute from the absorbent.

• The solvent acts as a medium that dissolves the solute, enabling its interaction with the absorbent.