H Disease & DNA Replication Vocabulary

the name ending for enzymes

(a)  

Match the following

• replication

• the phosphate end of DNA

• 3' end

• copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

• histones

• protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin, stabilizes open strands during replication

• S stage (synthesis)

• the stage of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated

• 5' end

• the sugar side of a DNA strand, where DNA polymerase can add free nucleotides

shape of DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases

• double helix

• histones

• Ligase

• nucleotide

each half of an original DNA molecule serves as a template for a new strand, and the two new DNA molecules each have one old and one new strand is called ​ (a)   .

• semi-conservative replication
• double helix
• lagging strand
• DNA polymerase

Match the following

• DNA polymerase

• An enzyme that corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

• Topoisomerase

• An enzyme that connects 2 Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand in DNA replication

• Ligase

• Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication is ​ (a)   .

• DNA helicase
• DNA polymerase
• Ligase
• Topoisomerase

An ​ (a)   is a short segment of RNA used to initiate synthesis of a new strand of DNA during replication. The enzyme that creates this for initiation of DNA replication is ​ (b)   .

• RNA primer
• RNA primase

The ​ (a)   is the new continuous DNA strand synthesized along the template in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction towards the replication fork. The ​ (b)   is a discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates with Okazaki fragments in the 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.

• leading strand
• lagging strand

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication

• RNA primer

• topoisomerase

• Okazaki fragments

• double helix

Match the following

• nitrogenous base

• organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell

• replication fork

• Y-shaped region on replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing

• nucleus

• opposite arrangement of sugar-phosphate backbones in DNA double helix

• anti-parallel

• repeating monomers in DNA and RNA; made of phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

• nucleotide

• nitrogen-containing component of a nucleotide that store genetic code in complementary base pairs