Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:

relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.

amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.

How do ligands and receptors interact?

Ligands bind to receptors by complimentary chemical structures and characteristics.

Ligands covalently bond to receptors by complimentary chemical structures and characteristics.

Ligands bind to receptors by chemical reactions that form covalent bonds between the two.

Ligands bond to receptors by chemical reactions that form covalent bonds between the two.

What occurs when a ligand binds to a receptor?

The chemical structure of a ligand fits the structure of the receptor and the chemical characteristics of a ligand and receptor are attractive and may form hydrogen bonds.

The chemical structure of a ligand fits the structure of the receptor and the chemical characteristics of a ligand and receptor form covalent bonds.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events during a signal transduction pathway?

Reception > Transduction > Response

Response > Reception > Transduction

Reception > Response > Transduction

Transduction > Reception > Response

What is the function of a ligand?

Provide a signal or information to a cell.

Receive a signal or information for a cell to respond

Add a phosphate group to a molecule

Remove a phosphate group to a molecule

What is the function of a receptor?

Receive a signal or information for a cell to respond

Provide a signal or information to a cell.

Add a phosphate group to a molecule

Remove a phosphate group to a molecule

What is the function of a kinase like protein kinase A?

Add a phosphate group to a molecule

Provide a signal or information to a cell.

Receive a signal or information for a cell to respond

Remove a phosphate group to a molecule

What is the function of a phosphatase?

Remove a phosphate group to a molecule

Provide a signal or information to a cell.

Receive a signal or information for a cell to respond

Add a phosphate group to a molecule

What is the function of the amplification step in some forms of signal transduction?

It magnifies the signal from the ligand during transduction using secondary messengers to elicit larger or more widespread response

It dampens the signal from the ligand during transduction to elicit a smaller response

It carries the ligand during transduction to the interior of the cell for a larger response

It produces more ligand during transduction to elicit larger or more widespread response

What is an example of a response that a cell can perform when it receives a ligand?

Covalent bonding of ligand to the receptor

Which of the following is a characteristic of cell signaling pathways?

They can amplify the signal received by the cell.

They only occur outside the cell.

They reduce the specificity of the signal.

Which of the following best describes a ligand?

A molecule that specifically binds to a receptor, triggering a response

A protein that degrades signal molecules

An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins

A second messenger within the cell

Which of the following best describes the specificity of cell signaling?

Only certain cells can respond to a specific signal, depending on the receptors they express.

All cells respond to all signals in the same way.

Signals are not specific and can induce any response in any cell.

Cell signaling is random and unpredictable.

What is the main difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Autocrine signaling involves a cell targeting itself, while paracrine signaling involves targeting nearby cells.

Autocrine signaling involves signals between different organisms, while paracrine signaling does not.

Paracrine signaling can occur over long distances, while autocrine signaling cannot.

Paracrine signaling involves hormones, while autocrine signaling does not.

What is the main difference between juxtacrine and paracrine signaling?

Juxtacrine signaling involves a cell targeting the cell directly next to it that it is touching, while paracrine signaling involves targeting nearby cells.

Juxtacrine signaling involves signals between different organisms, while paracrine signaling does not.

Paracrine signaling can occur over long distances, while juxtacrine signaling cannot.

Paracrine signaling involves hormones, while Juxtacrine signaling does not.

What is the main difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Paracrine signaling involves soluble molecules that signal nearby while endocrine signaling involves hormones over long distance.

Endocrine signaling involves signals between different organisms, while paracrine signaling involves signaling within the same organism.

Paracrine signaling can occur over long distances, while endocrine signaling involves targeting cells that are nearby.

Paracrine signaling involves hormones, while endocrine signaling involves soluble molecules that signal nearby.

Unit 4: Cell Communication

Authored by Mike Visetsouk

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 22+ times

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44 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following terms represents a signaling molecule?

Receptor

Ligand

Cofactor

Enzyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following terms represents a molecule that receives a signaling molecule?

Receptor

Ligand

Cofactor

Enzyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell communication occurs when a cell releases ligands that are received by nearby neighboring cells that have a receptor for the ligand?

Autocrine

Endocrine

Juxtacrine

Paracrine

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell communication occurs when a cell releases a ligand that is used to regulate itself?

Autocrine

Endocrine

Juxtacrine

Paracrine

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell communication occurs when the neighbors in direct contact with a signaling cell receive its ligands?

Autocrine

Endocrine

Juxtacrine

Paracrine

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What type of cell communication occurs when the signaling cell secretes ligands that travel longer distances to its target cells, for example through the bloodstream?

Autocrine

Endocrine

Juxtacrine

Paracrine

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

True or false: Ligands can be proteins or lipids

True

False

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Unit 4: Cell Communication

Which of the following terms represents a signaling molecule?

Which of the following terms represents a molecule that receives a signaling molecule?

What type of cell communication occurs when a cell releases ligands that are received by nearby neighboring cells that have a receptor for the ligand?

What type of cell communication occurs when a cell releases a ligand that is used to regulate itself?

What type of cell communication occurs when the neighbors in direct contact with a signaling cell receive its ligands?

What type of cell communication occurs when the signaling cell secretes ligands that travel longer distances to its target cells, for example through the bloodstream?

True or false: Ligands can be proteins or lipids

True or false: Ligands can only be proteins or lipids

True or false: Small nonpolar lipid ligands can travel directly through the cell membrane to reach internal receptors.

True or false: A transmembrane receptor protein is required for all ligands.

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