Front

What role do restriction enzymes play in genetic engineering?

Back

They cut DNA at specific sequences.

Front

Why are plasmids so important to vaccine production?

Back

Plasmids can be used as a vector to carry genes of interest into a bacteria.

Front

After a vaccine is administered, the immune system identifies these foreign substances (viruses and bacteria), also known as ___________.

Back

Antigens.

Front

When a mother passes immunity to her infant child through the act of breastfeeding, which type of immunity is this?

Back

Passive immunity.

Front

What is important to scientists when producing a new vaccine?

Back

All of these are important factors: the safety of the vaccine, the ease of delivery, its overall effectiveness over time.

Front

What are antigens?

Back

Substances that induce an immune response, often found on the surface of pathogens.

Front

What is the function of antibodies?

Back

Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy pathogens.

Front

Define plasmids in the context of genetic engineering.

Back

Small, circular DNA molecules used as vectors to transfer genetic material into cells.

Front

What is herd immunity?

Back

A form of indirect protection from infectious diseases that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune.

Front

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Back

Active immunity is developed through exposure to pathogens, while passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies.