TOK semester exam

What does "discernment" mean?

• The ability to spread information

• The ability to use sharp perceptions to judge well

• The practice of interpreting a text

• The process of forming opinions

Which term refers to intentionally false information spread to deceive?

• Disinterested

• Disinformation

• Dialectics

• Discourse

What is the "Dunning–Kruger effect"?

• The theory that economic factors shape history

• A bias where people overestimate their knowledge in areas they know little about

• The tendency to reject all evidence

• A bias in understanding disease origins

"Empathy" refers to:

• Expressing strong emotions

• Imagining and understanding another's feelings

• Spreading knowledge accurately

• A method of debate

What does "epistemology" study?

• Historical events

• Economic systems

• The nature and scope of knowledge

• Animal behavior

What is "dogmatism"?

• A belief that knowledge comes only from experience

• The view that ethical claims are based on emotions

• A tendency to assert principles as undeniably true without evidence

• A study of animal behavior

The term "euphemism" refers to:

• An exaggerated claim

• A pleasant word used to disguise something unpleasant

• A logical fallacy

• An artistic style

What does "fallacy" mean?

• A strong belief

• A mistaken belief or invalid argument

• A scientific theory

• A study of history

"Empiricism" is best described as:

• A philosophical belief in faith over reason

• The reliance on observation and experience for knowledge

• A mathematical proof of infinity

• A cognitive bias

"Hindsight bias" refers to:

• Overestimating knowledge in specific areas

• Thinking you knew something would happen after it already occurred

• Relying solely on faith for knowledge

• Ignoring alternative perspectives