Literasi b. Inggris 17/12

Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.

Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.

Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.

Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.

Question: What is the best summary of the passage?

• A. Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital

• B. The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors

• C. Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region

• D. Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased

• E. The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western European

Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.

Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.

Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.

Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.

Question: What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?

• A. The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee

• B. Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013

• C. Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes

• D. Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN

• E. The coffee export has decreased in several years

How are we able to find things in the dark? It is because our brain is able to store information in such a way that it can be retrieved by different senses. It turns out that the ability to recognise objects across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London and Macquarie University in Sydney have published new work in the journal Science showing that bumblebees can also find objects in the dark they’ve only seen before.

In the light, but barred from touching the objects, bumblebees were trained to find rewarding sugar water in one type of object (cubes or spheres) and bitter quinine solution in the other shape. When tested in the dark, bees preferred the object that was previously rewarding, spending more time exploring them.

Dr Cwyn Solvi is the lead author on the paper who was based at Queen Mary University of London and is now at Macquarie University in Sydney. She said: “The results of our study show that bumblebees don’t process their senses as separate channels — they come together as some sort of unified representation.”

Selene Gutierrez Al-Khudhairy, co-author on the paper, and now PhD student at the University of York, said: “This is an amazing feat when you consider the miniscule size of a bee’s brain. Future investigations of the neural circuitry underlying this ability in bees may one day help reveal how our own brains imagine the world as we do.”

Question: What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?

• A. To reveal how important bumblebees are to human survival.

• B. To report the procedure of a study on bumblebees conducted by Dr Cwyn Solvi

• C. To inform a study on the ability of bumblebees in the absence of light.

• D. To motivate the readers to preserve bumblebees in the wild.

• E. To explain how bumblebees react to the light.

How are we able to find things in the dark? It is because our brain is able to store information in such a way that it can be retrieved by different senses. It turns out that the ability to recognise objects across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London and Macquarie University in Sydney have published new work in the journal Science showing that bumblebees can also find objects in the dark they’ve only seen before.

In the light, but barred from touching the objects, bumblebees were trained to find rewarding sugar water in one type of object (cubes or spheres) and bitter quinine solution in the other shape. When tested in the dark, bees preferred the object that was previously rewarding, spending more time exploring them.

Dr Cwyn Solvi is the lead author on the paper who was based at Queen Mary University of London and is now at Macquarie University in Sydney. She said: “The results of our study show that bumblebees don’t process their senses as separate channels — they come together as some sort of unified representation.”

Selene Gutierrez Al-Khudhairy, co-author on the paper, and now PhD student at the University of York, said: “This is an amazing feat when you consider the miniscule size of a bee’s brain. Future investigations of the neural circuitry underlying this ability in bees may one day help reveal how our own brains imagine the world as we do.”

Question: The word “barred” in paragraph two can be best replaced by….

• A. unsealed

• B. blocked

• C. provided

• D. distracted

• E. permitted

How are we able to find things in the dark? It is because our brain is able to store information in such a way that it can be retrieved by different senses. It turns out that the ability to recognise objects across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London and Macquarie University in Sydney have published new work in the journal Science showing that bumblebees can also find objects in the dark they’ve only seen before.

In the light, but barred from touching the objects, bumblebees were trained to find rewarding sugar water in one type of object (cubes or spheres) and bitter quinine solution in the other shape. When tested in the dark, bees preferred the object that was previously rewarding, spending more time exploring them.

Dr Cwyn Solvi is the lead author on the paper who was based at Queen Mary University of London and is now at Macquarie University in Sydney. She said: “The results of our study show that bumblebees don’t process their senses as separate channels — they come together as some sort of unified representation.”

Selene Gutierrez Al-Khudhairy, co-author on the paper, and now PhD student at the University of York, said: “This is an amazing feat when you consider the miniscule size of a bee’s brain. Future investigations of the neural circuitry underlying this ability in bees may one day help reveal how our own brains imagine the world as we do.”

Question: In which paragraph is it mentioned about the benefits of the research for humans?

• A. 4

• B. 5

• C. 2

• D. 1

• E. 3

How are we able to find things in the dark? It is because our brain is able to store information in such a way that it can be retrieved by different senses. It turns out that the ability to recognise objects across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London and Macquarie University in Sydney have published new work in the journal Science showing that bumblebees can also find objects in the dark they’ve only seen before.

In the light, but barred from touching the objects, bumblebees were trained to find rewarding sugar water in one type of object (cubes or spheres) and bitter quinine solution in the other shape. When tested in the dark, bees preferred the object that was previously rewarding, spending more time exploring them.

Dr Cwyn Solvi is the lead author on the paper who was based at Queen Mary University of London and is now at Macquarie University in Sydney. She said: “The results of our study show that bumblebees don’t process their senses as separate channels — they come together as some sort of unified representation.”

Selene Gutierrez Al-Khudhairy, co-author on the paper, and now PhD student at the University of York, said: “This is an amazing feat when you consider the miniscule size of a bee’s brain. Future investigations of the neural circuitry underlying this ability in bees may one day help reveal how our own brains imagine the world as we do.”

Question: The writer’s intention in writing the sentence “It turns out that the ability to recognise objects across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect.” in paragraph 1 is to…

• A. exemplify the kinds of insects which are able to sense objects in the dark.

• B. pinpoint that humans are not the only one who possess the ability mentioned.

• C. confirm that humans and insects are quite similar.

• D. prove that bumblebees can see in the dark as well as humans.

• E. emphasize the need for a research on certain insects.

In which year did exactly 90 students have scholarships?

• A. 2014

• B. 2011

• C. 2013

• D. 2010

This line graph shows the height of two plants that Samantha grew for four weeks.

During which week was the plant 1 about 2 cm taller than plant 2?

• A. 1

• B. 2

• C. 3

• D. 4

What percent of students prefer to eat peaches?

• A. 30%

• B. 20%

• C. 40%

• D. 25%

20 students reported how many songs they had. What % of students had less than 1000?

• A. 3%

• B. 15%

• C. 20%

• D. 4%