Molecular Genetics

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Transcription

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The process occurring in the nucleus of a cell that copies the instructions from a part of DNA onto a strand of messenger RNA.

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RNA polymerase

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The enzyme responsible for creating RNA from a DNA template.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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A type of RNA that transfers the code from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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A type of RNA that carries an amino acid and transfers it to the protein chain being assembled in the ribosome.

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Codon

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A sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents the code for one amino acid.

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DNA

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The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.

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Ribosome

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The cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs.

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Translation

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The process in which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to assemble a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.

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Amino Acid

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The building blocks of proteins, coded for by codons.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein.