Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or nitrogen (N).

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density in atoms or molecules, leading to temporary dipoles.

Front

What is the difference between dipole-dipole forces and London dispersion forces?

Back

Dipole-dipole forces occur between polar molecules with permanent dipoles, while London dispersion forces occur between all molecules, regardless of polarity, and are generally weaker.

Front

Why is water less volatile than propane?

Back

Water has strong hydrogen bonds that require more energy to break, making it less volatile than propane, which has weaker London dispersion forces.

Front

Which molecules exhibit hydrogen bonding?

Back

Molecules that have hydrogen bonded to fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or nitrogen (N) exhibit hydrogen bonding.

Front

What is the predominant intermolecular force in HBr?

Back

The predominant intermolecular force in HBr is dipole-dipole interactions due to its polar nature.

Front

What type of intermolecular forces does I2 exhibit?

Back

I2 exhibits only London dispersion forces, as it is a nonpolar molecule.

Front

How do intermolecular forces affect boiling points?

Back

Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points, as more energy is required to separate the molecules.

Front

What is volatility in terms of intermolecular forces?

Back

Volatility refers to the tendency of a substance to vaporize; substances with weaker intermolecular forces are generally more volatile.