DNA Structure and Replication

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

The process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one new strand.

Front

What is the shape of DNA?

Back

Double helix.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

They indicate the directionality of the DNA strand, which is crucial for replication and transcription.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

The basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

How does DNA replication ensure accuracy?

Back

Through proofreading mechanisms by DNA polymerase and mismatch repair systems.

Front

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands.

Front

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Front

What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?

Back

Short RNA sequences that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase.