Probability (Multiplication and Addition Rules)

Front

What are mutually exclusive events?

Back

Mutually exclusive events are events that cannot occur at the same time. For example, when flipping a coin, getting heads and tails are mutually exclusive.

Front

What are not mutually exclusive events?

Back

Not mutually exclusive events are events that can occur at the same time. For example, drawing a card that is a heart and a red card are not mutually exclusive.

Front

What are independent events?

Back

Independent events are events where the occurrence of one event does not affect the occurrence of another. For example, rolling a die and flipping a coin are independent events.

Front

What are dependent events?

Back

Dependent events are events where the occurrence of one event affects the occurrence of another. For example, drawing two cards from a deck without replacement is a dependent event.

Front

How do you calculate the probability of mutually exclusive events?

Back

The probability of mutually exclusive events is calculated by adding their individual probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).

Front

How do you calculate the probability of not mutually exclusive events?

Back

For not mutually exclusive events, the probability is calculated by adding their individual probabilities and subtracting the probability of their intersection: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B).

Front

What is the multiplication rule for independent events?

Back

The multiplication rule states that for independent events, the probability of both events occurring is the product of their individual probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B).

Front

What is the multiplication rule for dependent events?

Back

For dependent events, the probability of both events occurring is calculated by multiplying the probability of the first event by the conditional probability of the second event: P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B|A).

Front

What is the addition rule for mutually exclusive events?

Back

The addition rule for mutually exclusive events states that the probability of either event occurring is the sum of their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).

Front

What is the addition rule for not mutually exclusive events?

Back

The addition rule for not mutually exclusive events states that the probability of either event occurring is the sum of their probabilities minus the probability of both events occurring: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B).