Semester 1 Final

Feudal society was characterized by:

• A hierarchical system of relationships and obligations.

• The rule of a strong, centralized government.

• Increasing consolidation of power by Frankish kings

• The absence of hostility between neighboring fiefs.

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

• Christian devotion

• Art and learning

• Chivalry and tournaments

• Good health after the plague

What was one reason why the Renaissance began in Italy?

• Italy had connections to Britain and France, where classical texts had been preserved and studied.

• Italy was the most technologically advanced society in the world.

• Italy was the only region in Europe where scholarship was conducted in the vernacular.

• Italians were surrounded by the ruins of classical Rome, stimulating interest in the past as well as an extremely wealthy economy in Northern Italy

During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the Protestant Reformation?

• Interest in ancient Greece and Rome

• Advances in mathematics and science

• Questioning of traditional authority

• Attention to realism and detail

The selling of indulgences was a controversial practice of the Catholic Church. What was that practice?

• Clergy members bought indulgences to reach higher offices.

• The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.

• Charles V told his people that buying indulgences was a way to not have to go to church.

• Indulgences permitted priests to marry and have children.

Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do which of the following?

• Invest heavily in arts and education.

• Remove all barriers to free trade.

• Import more goods than it exports.

• Sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries.

Based on the above passage, which of the following is a goal of Cortes?

• To work cooperatively with the people of Tenochtitlan

• To impose the laws of Christianity and Spain on the people of Tenochtitlan

• To create education systems within the city of Tenochtitlan

• To trade on an equal basis with the people of Tenochtitlan

Which of the following was a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

• The Spanish Empire became stronger than the Portuguese Empire.

• Portugal and Spain became global leaders after combining their empires.

• The British Empire was larger than the Portuguese and Spanish Empire combined.

• Spain took complete control of Brazil.

Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because?

• Disease had killed millions of Native Americans.

• Aztecs refused to work on plantations.

• They believed Native Americans were not human.

• African slaves were cheaper than Native American slaves.

The encomienda system:

• Ensured fair treatment of Native Americans.

• Encouraged middle class Europeans to immigrate to Mexico

• Introduced new weapons and animals to Europeans.

• Forced Native Americans to work for Spanish colonists.