Review_Learning Strategies

What does the term "learner-centered" imply in modern language learning?

• The teacher takes total control of the learning process.

• Students focus solely on memorization techniques.

• Students become more responsible for their own learning processes.

• Learning is completely centered on vocabulary exercises.

What are cognitive skills?

• Skills associated only with the memorization of languages

• The physical ability to process auditory sounds

• Processes that the brain uses to think and learn

• Static knowledge that does not change over time

How does short-term memory differ from long-term memory?

• Short-term memory keeps memories permanently; long-term memory is temporary.

• Long-term memory is used for reasoning; short-term memory is only for recalling.

• Short-term memory is limited in capacity and only holds information briefly.

• There is no functional difference between them.

Which of the following illustrates working memory as described in the text?

• Quickly memorizing a phone number to dial during a conversation and forgetting it afterward.

• Remembering a mathematical formula during an exam due to constant practice.

• Writing down all the numbers from a math worksheet without needing to analyze them.

• Recognizing a familiar face in a room full of people for an extended period.

Which of the following strategies ensures that information moves from short-term memory to long-term memory?

• Avoid repetition

• Practice and rehearse the information

• Memorize in isolation

• Use only visual learning methods

What is a propositional network?

• A visual diagram that shows all classroom strategies

• A group of isolated facts without relationships

• Associations of meaning between important elements of a sentence

• A type of cognitive unit used only in scientific memory studies

What is declarative knowledge based on?

• Abstract thinking and reasoning

• Propositions and relationships, such as subject and object

• Physical and sensory processes in learning

• Static repetition without context

What is a schema in cognitive learning?

• The memorization strategy used by learners

• A mental unit that links interconnected characteristics to define a concept

• A step in Anderson's procedural learning stages

• A short-term memory strategy

According to Anderson's stages of language learning, which stage involves intense mental activity to make sense of the new language?

• Cognitive stage

• Associative stage

• Autonomous stage

• Hypothesis testing stage

What happens during the associative stage of acquiring a second language?

• Learners use the language fluently without reference to linguistic rules.

• Learners pay deliberate attention to grammatical structures.

• Learners use previously acquired knowledge procedurally, but may still make mistakes.

• Learners focus only on grammatical rules and testing hypotheses.