ACP Review Quiz - Extra Credit!

What is the primary structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Presence of a nucleus in prokaryotic cells

• Presence of a nucleus in eukaryotic cells

• Presence of mitochondria in prokaryotic cells

• Presence of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells

Which stage of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

During photosynthesis, what is the primary function of chlorophyll?

• Absorb water

• Absorb sunlight

• Release oxygen

• Fix carbon dioxide

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What is the end product of transcription in eukaryotic cells?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

• Diffusion of oxygen

• Osmosis of water

• Sodium-potassium pump

• Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

• A farmer breeding cows for more milk

• A giraffe's long neck evolving over generations

• A scientist genetically modifying bacteria

• A dog learning a new trick

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Explain the role of the G2 phase in the cell cycle.

• DNA replication

• Cell growth and preparation for mitosis

• Chromosome separation

• Cytokinesis

Describe the process of carbon fixation in photosynthesis.

• Conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose

• Release of oxygen from water

• Absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll

• Transport of electrons in the thylakoid membrane

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

How does the process of translation differ from transcription?

• Translation occurs in the nucleus, transcription in the cytoplasm

• Translation synthesizes proteins, transcription synthesizes RNA

• Translation uses DNA as a template, transcription uses RNA

• Translation involves RNA polymerase, transcription involves ribosomes

Explain how the sodium-potassium pump functions as an active transport mechanism.

• It moves sodium and potassium ions along their concentration gradients

• It uses ATP to move sodium out and potassium into the cell against their gradients

• It allows passive diffusion of ions across the membrane

• It facilitates the movement of ions through channel proteins

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