Semester 1 Exam Study Guide - Unit 1 Energy

Define potential energy (various types of potential energy).

• 1. 1. Energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing. 2. Chemical Potential Energy: Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, which can be released during a chemical reaction. 3. Electrical Potential Energy: Energy stored due to the position of charged particles in an electric field.

• 1. Kinetic Potential Energy: Energy stored in an object as it moves. 2. Thermal Potential Energy: Energy stored in an object due to its temperature. 3. Nuclear Potential Energy: Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. 4. Magnetic Potential Energy: Energy stored in magnetic fields.

• 1. Thermal Potential Energy: Energy stored in an object due to its temperature. 2. Acoustic Potential Energy: Energy stored in sound waves. 3. Radiant Potential Energy: Energy stored in electromagnetic waves. 4. Mechanical Potential Energy: Energy stored in mechanical systems.

• 1. Rotational Potential Energy: Energy stored in rotating objects. 2. Translational Potential Energy: Energy stored in objects moving in a straight line. 3. Vibrational Potential Energy: Energy stored in vibrating objects. 4. Sound Potential Energy: Energy stored in sound waves.

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Define kinetic energy.

• Kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

• Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position.

• Kinetic energy is the energy released during a chemical reaction.

• Kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its temperature.

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Define the law of conservation of energy.

• The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The total energy in a closed system remains constant.

• The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be created and destroyed, depending on the system.

• The law of conservation of energy states that energy is always increasing in a closed system.

• The law of conservation of energy states that energy is only conserved in open systems.

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A rock is resting on a spring before it is released, what type of energy does the rock have and why?

• Kinetic energy, because it is moving.

• Elastic energy, because it is at rest and has the potential to move.

• Thermal energy, because it is generating heat.

• Sound energy, because it is making noise.

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A rock high on a cliff suddenly begins to fall, then hits the ground. Which of the following best explains all the energy transfers?

• Gravitational energy is converted to kinetic energy, then to internal/thermal energy upon impact.

• Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy, then to sound energy upon impact.

• Thermal energy is converted to potential energy, then to kinetic energy upon impact.

• Sound energy is converted to kinetic energy, then to potential energy upon impact.

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If the marble had 6.9 J of (potential) energy at the top of the hill and 5.4 J of (kinetic) energy at the bottom of the hill, was energy conserved and why?

• Yes, because the total energy remains the same.

• No, because some energy was lost.

• Yes, because potential energy converted to kinetic energy and dissipated energy due to air resistance.

• No, because kinetic energy is less than potential energy.

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What is the kinetic energy of a 100 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed of 20.0 m/s?

• 20,000 J

• 200,000 J

• 2,000,000 J

• 20,000,000 J

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If the roller coaster car in the above problem were moving with twice the speed, then what would be its new kinetic energy?

• Twice the original kinetic energy

• Four times the original kinetic energy

• Half the original kinetic energy

• Same as the original kinetic energy

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Missy Diwater, the former platform diver for the Ringling Brother's Circus had a kinetic energy of 15,000 J just prior to hitting the bucket of water. If Missy's mass is 50 kg, then what is her speed?

• 24.49 m/s

• 30 m/s

• 34.64 m/s

• 40 m/s

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An object has a kinetic energy of 14 J and a mass of 17 kg, how fast is the object moving?

• 0.81 m/s

• 1.02 m/s

• 1.28 m/s

• 1.44 m/s

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