Chromosome Mutations

Emma is studying genetics and learns about organisms that have a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number. What is the term for such an organism?

• Aneuploid

• Polyploid

• Euploid

• Monosomy

Answer explanation

An organism with a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number is termed 'euploid'. This includes organisms with diploid, triploid, or other multiples of the haploid number, distinguishing them from aneuploids.

Which condition refers to the loss of a single chromosome from a diploid genome?

• Trisomy

• Monosomy

• Polyploidy

• Haploinsufficiency

What is the cause of chromosomal nondisjunction?

• Duplication of genetic material

• Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis

• Translocation of chromosomal segments

• Deletion of genetic material

Turner syndrome is an example of:

• Trisomy

• Haploinsufficiency

• Monosomy

• Polyploidy

In a biology class, Scarlett learned about various genetic conditions. Her teacher explained that one of the trisomy conditions in humans is known as Down syndrome. Which trisomy condition is it?

• Trisomy 18

• Trisomy 21

• Trisomy 13

• Trisomy 45

Polyploidy is more commonly observed in:

• Mammals

• Amphibians

• Plants

• Birds

Autopolyploidy occurs when:

• Chromosome sets from different species combine

• Chromosome sets are identical to the parent species

• Chromosomal material is deleted

• Nonhomologous chromosomes exchange segments

What technique is used to experimentally induce autotetraploidy?

• Exposure to heat shock

• Crossing different species

• Exposure to colchicine

• Use of X-rays

What structural change involves a chromosome segment being turned 180 degrees?

• Deletion

• Inversion

• Duplication

• Translocation

What is the genetic condition characterized by a small terminal deletion on chromosome 5?

• Down syndrome

• Patau syndrome

• Cri du Chat syndrome

• Edwards syndrome