23.12A-E

The National Heritage Fellowship was created to

publicly            exceptional folkand traditional artists  in the United States.In 1995,the fellowship wasgiven to the Navajo(Diné)basket weaver Mary Holiday

Black tocelebrate her lifetimecontributions to the arts.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

•      startle

• recognize

•  familiarize

•  convey  

The following text is adapted from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows.The Mole is dazed  after briefly meeting a stranger while traveling with a   friend.

[The]Mole stood still a moment,heldin thought.

As one wakened suddenly from a beautiful dream, who struggles to recall it,and  can  re-capture

nothing but a dim sense of the beauty of it,the beauty!Till that,too,fades away in its turn.

As used in the text, what does the word "recall"most nearly mean?

•  Begin

• Remember

•   Overlook

• Reject

Text corpora such as the Bank of English are

enormous collections of electronically stored texts

that can be used for empirical testing of hypotheses   regarding how            a word is in spoken and written English.For instance,one might have a guess about    the incidence of the word"get,"but only an analysis   of a corpus can prove that"get"is the fifth most

commonly used verb.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

• pervasive

• profound

•  credible

• assertive

British painter Peter Edwards is known for his

portraits of notable figures in different fields,from poet Wendy Cope to mathematician Christopher

Zeeman.Widespread admiration of these works has helped Edwards gain substantial           as an artist.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word orphrase?

• sympathy

• prestige

• assistance

• tolerance

The Apalachicola River delta system is locatedin

Florida,where the river drains intotheGulf of Mexico, and is shaped by          factors:for  example,the

geography of the coastline influences sedimentary

deposition, which overtime alters coastal geography.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

•   tenuous

• interdependent

•  unyielding

• comprehensive

In the late 1800s,Spanish-language newspapers

flourished in cities across Texas.San Antonio alone produced eleven newspapers in Spanish between

1890 and 1900.But El Paso surpassed all other

cities in the state.This city produced twenty-two

newspapers in Spanish during that period.El Paso    is locatedon the border with Mexico and has always

had a large population of Spanish speakers.Thus,it is unsurprisingthat this city became such arich site for  Spanish-language journalism.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

 

• To compare  Spanish-language newspapers

  published in Texas today with ones published

  there   during   the   late    1800s

• To explain that Spanish-language newspapers

  thrived in Texas and especially in El Paso during the late 1800s

• To argue that Spanish-language newspapers published in El Paso influenced the ones

  published in San Antonio during the late 1800s

• To explain why Spanish-language newspapers published in Texas wereso popular in Mexico during the late 1800s

In Hoocak,an Indigenous language from the Midwest region of what is now theUnited States,paras means  "flat,"whereas paraparac means  "square."This

phenomenon,in which an element of a root word

is repeated,sometimes with modification,within

another word that is related to the root word, is called  reduplication.In this  case,the  element"para"in  paras gets repeated in paraparac. There are many examples  of this type of reduplication in Hoocak.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

• It emphasizes how frequently reduplication

  occurs in Hoocak.

• It acknowledges that Hoocak has some

  important exceptions to the general pattern described earlier

•  It  elaborates  onthe  discussion  ofreduplication by explaining how it works in the specific

  Hoocak words introduced earlier.

• It provides English translations of the Hoocak words mentioned earlier

In a study by Mika R.Moran,Daniel A.Rodriguez,

and colleagues,residents of Mexico City,Mexico,and Buenos Aires,Argentina,were surveyed about parks in their cities.Of the 562 respondents from Mexico

City,77.6%indicated that they use the city's parks,

and of the 683 respondents from Buenos Aires,69.9%   indicated using city parks.Given that the percentage of Mexico City respondents who reported living within a 10-minute walk of a park was much lower than

that reported by Buenos Aires respondents, greater  proximity alone can't explain the difference in park use.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion inthe text as a whole?

• It marks a shift from a discussion of the

  researchers' conclusion to a discussion of their methods.

• It identifies the nature of a relationship that is significant to the text's conclusion.

• It provides context to help readers understand  the scope of  the   researchers' survey.

• It introduces a counterexample to the scenario described earlier in the text.

The following text is from Guy de Maupassant's 1884    short story "A Recollection,"from the collection Guy de Maupassant Short Stories (translated by Albert M.C.

McMaster et al.in 1903).The narrator is on a walk in the countryside outside of Paris,France.

I walked slowly beneath the young leaves,drinking in the air,fragrant with the odor of young buds

and sap.I sauntered along,forgetful of musty

papers,of the offices,of my chief,my colleagues,

my documents,and thinking of the good things that were sure to come to me,of all the veiled unknown contained in the future.A thousand recollections

of childhood came over me,awakened by these

country odors,and I walked along permeated with the  fragrant,living  enchantment,the  emotional

enchantment of the woods warmed by the sun of

June.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

 

• Having decided to leave his current

  employment, the narrator is returning to his childhood home in the country.

• The narrator's natural surroundings help him escape his work concerns by prompting hopes about the future and memories of youth.

• The narrator is using the quiet of the

  countryside to help him think about how

  projects at work could be advantageous for his career.

• The narrator forgets to address pressing work issues because the smells of the countryside

  distract him with thoughts of his youth.

Marrakech has high pedestrian traffic,but simply  replicating a feature of Marrakech associatedwith

walkability-e.g,its  highly  varied  streetscape一

may be insufficient to induce increased walking in

other cities.As urbanist Mariela Alfonzo argues,our

understanding  of  individuals'decision-makingabout  whether to walk is insufficiently robust:some studies emphasize the role of demographiccharacteristics,

others the role of public transit availability,and so on,

but walking decisions are made in complex contexts in which multiple conditions and needs inform

individuals' choices.

Based on the text,Alfonzo would most likely agree with which statement about studies of decision-

making about walking?

• They would be improved by efforts to identify

  the  features that  cities  with high pedestrian traffic have in common.

• They are unlikely to find convincing evidence that any single factor consistently predicts

  walking decisions.

• They have overstated the extent to which people differ in their decision-making

  processes regarding walking.

• They tend to be misleading because they ignore the  most   important   factor   influencing   walking

  decisions.