Instrumentation System Design

What is the primary advantage of a flash ADC?

• • Low cost

• • High resolution

• • Fast conversion speed

• • Low power consumption

How many comparators are required for a 2-bit flash ADC?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 7

What is the function of ICL7107 in a digital voltmeter?

• Voltage amplification

• • Analog-to-digital conversion and display driving

• • Voltage regulation

• • Frequency counting

In a 3½ digit digital voltmeter designed using ICL7107, what is the resolution when the full-scale input is 200 mV?

• 1 mV

• • 0.1 mV

• • 0.01 mV

• • 2 mV

What is the role of the integration capacitor (Cint) in the ICL7107 circuit?

• • To stabilize the reference voltage

• • To hold the sampled input voltage

• • To integrate the input signal over a fixed time period

• • To reduce noise in the output

What is the key design consideration for a batch counter using ICs 7490 and 7447?

• • Ensuring compatibility with a common cathode 7-segment display

• • Providing debounce circuitry for the input signal

• • Setting the maximum count limit accurately

• • All of the above

How does a 2-bit flash ADC determine the input voltage?

• • By comparing the input with reference levels using 3 comparators

• • By counting clock pulses proportional to the input voltage

• • By integrating the input signal over time

• • By sampling the input with a single comparator

In a batch counter using an LDR and transistor, what is the purpose of the transistor circuit?

• • To amplify the input signal

• • To debounce the counting pulses

• • To convert light intensity into a digital signal

• • To drive the 7-segment display

What is the proportional band in a P controller?

• • A range in which the output remains constant

• • A range in which the controller output is proportional to the error

• • A range for switching between ON and OFF states

• • A range to set the reference voltage

1. Which of the following is true for the neutral zone in an ON/OFF controller?

• • It prevents frequent switching of the output

• • It increases the system sensitivity

• • It ensures proportional control of the system

• • It reduces the reference voltage fluctuations