AP Chemistry -Unit 2 - Thou Shall Not Forget

Front

What is a sigma bond?

Back

A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals, resulting in a bond that is symmetrical around the bond axis.

Front

What is a pi bond?

Back

A pi bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals, which occurs above and below the bond axis, and is typically found in double and triple bonds.

Front

How do you determine the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule?

Back

Count the single bonds as sigma bonds. For double bonds, count one sigma and one pi bond. For triple bonds, count one sigma and two pi bonds.

Front

What is molecular polarity?

Back

Molecular polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule, which determines whether the molecule has a positive or negative end.

Front

What makes a molecule polar?

Back

A molecule is polar if it has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds and an asymmetrical shape that prevents the dipoles from canceling out.

Front

What is hybridization?

Back

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of atoms in a molecule.

Front

What is the hybridization of carbon in methane (CH4)?

Back

The hybridization of carbon in methane (CH4) is sp³.

Front

What is the hybridization of oxygen in carbon dioxide (CO2)?

Back

The hybridization of oxygen in carbon dioxide (CO2) is sp².

Front

What is an interstitial alloy?

Back

An interstitial alloy is formed when small atoms fill the spaces (interstices) between larger metal atoms in a metallic lattice.

Front

What is a substitutional alloy?

Back

A substitutional alloy is formed when some of the host metal atoms are replaced by other metal atoms of similar size.