Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A type of cell signaling where the target cell is close to the signal-releasing cell, allowing for localized communication.

Front

What is the first step of apoptosis?

Back

The DNA is destroyed.

Front

What role do protein kinases play in cell signaling?

Back

They activate proteins by transferring a phosphate group to them.

Front

Are all signals and receptors the same in all cells?

Back

False. Different cells can have different signals and receptors.

Front

What is a ligand in cell communication?

Back

A signaling molecule that binds to a receptor to initiate a response.

Front

What is the function of receptors in cell signaling?

Back

Receptors are proteins that receive and respond to signaling molecules.

Front

What is autocrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where a cell targets itself, releasing signals that bind to its own receptors.

Front

What is endocrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where hormones are released into the bloodstream to target distant cells.

Front

What is synaptic signaling?

Back

A type of signaling that occurs in the nervous system, where neurotransmitters are released across synapses.

Front

What is the role of phosphatases in cell signaling?

Back

They remove phosphate groups from proteins, often reversing the action of protein kinases.