Unit 1 Review

Which Enlightenment thinker introduced the idea that people have inherent rights, including life, liberty, and property?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Thomas Paine

What concept is at the heart of Montesquieu’s political philosophy?

• Natural rights

• The social contract

• The separation of powers

• Popular sovereignty

Thomas Hobbes believed a government’s authority is justified by:

• Popular sovereignty

• A mutual agreement between the ruler and the people

• Divine right of kings

• The government’s protection of natural rights

Which document outlined the reasons for the American colonies’ decision to separate from Great Britain?

• Constitution of 1787

• Federalist Papers

• Declaration of Independence

• Articles of Confederation

What was one of the main flaws of the Articles of Confederation?

• The central government was too powerful.

• It lacked the ability to tax or maintain a national military.

• It gave the executive branch too much authority.

• It disproportionately benefited smaller states.

The Federalists believed in:

• Strengthening the powers of the central government

• Reducing the scope of federal authority

• Prioritizing state sovereignty

• Immediately abolishing slavery

What issue does James Madison address in Federalist 10?

• The powers of the executive branch

• The risks posed by factions to a republic

• Judicial overreach

• The importance of a Bill of Rights

How does Federalist 10 define factions?

• Groups with shared interests that may harm the public good

• Political parties supporting different ideologies

• Independent states opposing federal authority

• Divisions within the branches of government

What was the primary goal of the Anti-Federalists during the ratification debate?

• To ensure the Constitution included a Bill of Rights

• To advocate for a monarchy

• To limit Congress’s legislative authority

• To preserve the Articles of Confederation

The ideas of which philosopher are most reflected in the Declaration of Independence?

• John Locke’s concept of natural rights

• Thomas Hobbes’ views on social contracts

• Montesquieu’s principle of divided government

• Thomas Paine’s critique of monarchies