Front

What happens to the intracellular domain of a receptor protein after a ligand binds?

Back

It changes shape, initiating transduction of the signal.

Front

What is the role of protein kinase in cell signaling?

Back

It activates a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it.

Front

What type of signaling involves hormones?

Back

Endocrine signaling.

Front

What is the term for the communication between two neurons through neurotransmitters?

Back

Synapse.

Front

What is a G protein?

Back

A protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that relays signals.

Front

Define ligand in the context of cell communication.

Back

A molecule that binds to a receptor to initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the function of a receptor in cell signaling?

Back

To bind to ligands and initiate a signal transduction pathway.

Front

What is the difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Autocrine signaling affects the same cell that releases the signal, while paracrine signaling affects nearby cells.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a functional response.

Front

What role do second messengers play in cell signaling?

Back

They amplify the signal and help propagate it within the cell.