Physical Science Final S1

Mason and Sophia are observing how the gravitational force between two planets changes as the distance between them increases. What happens to the gravitational force as the planets move farther apart?

• It decreases.

• It increases.

• It remains the same.

• It fluctuates randomly.

While riding his bicycle, Ethan notices that he (a)   .

• continues moving at the same velocity unless a force acts on it

• stops moving

• changes direction

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Emma is pushing a box across the floor, and she notices that the box is also being pulled by gravity and resisted by friction. The ________________ is the combination of all the forces acting on the box.

• net force

• gravitational force

• frictional force

• applied force

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

What is the gravitational force exerted on an object called?

• weight

• mass

• inertia

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

The temperature of a 3.0-kg material increases by 5.0°C when 6,750 J of thermal energy are added to it. What is the specific heat of the material? 450 J/(kg∙°C)

• 300 J/(kg∙°C)
• 600 J/(kg∙°C)
• 450 J/(kg∙°C)
• 750 J/(kg∙°C)

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Identify which method of thermal energy transfer would be fastest through a vacuum, which would be fastest through a gas, and which would be fastest through a solid.

• Fastest through a solid: convection
• Fastest through a gas: radiation
• Fastest through a vacuum: radiation; fastest through a gas: convection; fastest through a solid: conduction.
• Fastest through a vacuum: conduction

Which has the greater amount of thermal energy—one liter of water at 50°C or two liters of water at 50°C?

• Both have the same amount of thermal energy.
• Two liters of water at 50°C has a greater amount of thermal energy.
• Two liters of water at 25°C has a greater amount of thermal energy.
• One liter of water at 50°C has a greater amount of thermal energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Why should a building have better thermal insulation placed in its ceiling than in its walls?

• Walls are more exposed to outdoor temperatures than ceilings.
• Heat is lost more through windows than ceilings.
• heat rises, leading to greater energy loss through the ceiling than through the walls.

• Insulation is equally effective in both ceilings and walls.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

A 10-kg box sits on the floor. Approximately how high would you have to lift the box to increase gravitational potential energy by 350 J?

• 2.5 meters
• 3.6 meters

• 5.0 meters
• 4.2 meters

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

Abigail is riding her bicycle down a hill. The kinetic energy from her motion always changes when which factor changes?

• The bicycle's color changes.

• Mass or velocity changes.

• The bicycle's shape changes.

• The bicycle's temperature changes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5