Front

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

The endosymbiotic theory proposes that certain organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, leading to a symbiotic relationship.

Front

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

Front

What is the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Back

The endomembrane system is a network of membranes that includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles, involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids.

Front

Which organelle is a part of the endomembrane system?

Back

Nuclear membrane.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What happens if a mutation occurs in a ribosomal protein?

Back

The cell would be unable to properly synthesize proteins.

Front

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

Do mitochondria have their own ribosomes?

Back

Yes, mitochondria contain their own ribosomes and thus produce some of their own proteins.

Front

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Back

The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage.

Front

Why would liver cells contain a large proportion of smooth ER?

Back

Liver cells are involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and the breakdown of protein metabolites, requiring a large amount of smooth ER.