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What is gene expression?

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The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein.

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What is cell differentiation?

Back

The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.

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Why do nerve cells and muscle cells function differently?

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Because in both kinds of cells, different genes are expressed.

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What is electrophoresis?

Back

A method of separating DNA fragments according to their size and charge using an electric current passed through a gel.

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What is genetic engineering?

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The manipulation of an organism's DNA to produce desired traits.

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What are stem cells?

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Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into many different cell types.

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What is a DNA probe?

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A fragment of DNA or RNA used to detect the presence of complementary sequences by hybridization.

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What is the role of restriction enzymes?

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Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic engineering.

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What are the applications of genetic engineering?

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Producing medicines, food animals, and improved crops.

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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

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The process of transcription and translation, where DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated to protein.