24-25 AP Bio Midterm Review Unit 1 Quiz (review slide open note)

Match the description with each type of macromolecule (Hint: 5 answer choices each)

Groups:

(a) carbohydrate

,

(b) lipid

,

(c) protein

,

(d) nucleic acid

• ATP/ ADP, DNA, RNA

• Shape: a carbon ring or a series of carbon rings

• Polymer: lipid

• Main elements: CHON, sometimes S

• Product of photosynthesis and reactant of cell respiration

• sugar, phosphate(s), nitrogenous base

• Monomer: amino acid

• Enzyme

• Monomer: Nucleotide

• Polymer: polysaccharide

• Monomer: monosaccharide

• Shape: head and tails, or several carbon rings connected together (steroid)

• Phospholipid

• Main elements: CHONP

• amino group, carboxyl group, H, R group- all surrounding a central carbon

• Main elements: CHO

• Main elements: CHO, sometimes P

• Polymer: Nucleic acid

• Monomer: glycerol and fatty acid

• Polymer: polypeptide

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

The type of bond between different water molecules

• Polar covalent

• Nonpolar covalent

• Hydrogen bond

• Ionic bond

Dehydration reaction vs. hydrolysis reaction

Groups:

(a) Dehydration reaction

,

(b) Hydrolysis reaction

• Removes a water molecule as a product

• Adds a water molecule as a reatant

• Monomers --> polymers

• Polymers --> monomers

A few more questions about each macromolecule

Groups:

(a) Carbohydrate

,

(b) Lipid

,

(c) Protein

,

(d) Nucleic acid

• Monomers are linked together using phosphodiester bonds

• Some has names ending in -ase

• Monomers are added from the N-terminus (amino groups) to the C-terminus (carboxyl) (Add to C)

• Long term energy storage, cell membrane structure

• 
• Monomers are linked together using peptide bonds

• C pairs with G with 3 hydrogen bonds

• Monomers are added from 5' to 3' (add to 3')

• Can denature in high temperature or drastic change in pH

• Short term energy and structural purposes (i.e. cellulose and chitin for plants and insects)

• Usually nonpolar and hydrophobic

• Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

• Monomers are linked together using glycosidic linkage

• Some has names ending in -ose

• A pairs with T with 2 hydrogen bonds

• 
• 5' phosphate group, 3' hydroxyl (-OH)

• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Match the protein structures

• Monstera

• Alpha helix and beta sheet

• Primary structure

• Multiple polypeptide

• Secondary structure

• Ms. Bai's favorite house plant

• Tertiary structure

• Fully folded functional protein

• Quaternary structure

• Chain of amino acids

Match the protein structures

• Secondary structure

• hydrogen, disulfide, covalent, ionic, hydrophobic interactions, van der waals

• Tertiary/ Quaternary structure

• Hydrogen bond

• Primary structure

• Peptide bond

Match the protein structures

• Secondary structure

• Interactions between R groups

• Primary structure

• N-terminus (amino group) on a new amino acid is added to the C-terminus (carboxyl group) of another amino acid

• Tertiary/ Quaternary structure

• Interactions between amino and carboxyl group on non-neighboring amino acids

The backbone of DNA or RNA is a _____-_________ backbone.

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions. One is from 5' to 3', the other one is from 3' to 5'. We say DNA is ____-parallel.

DNA vs. RNA

Groups:

(a) DNA

,

(b) RNA

• The sugar is ribose

• It's the result of transcription and the starting molecule of translation

• Nitrogenous bases include adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

• The sugar is deoxyribose

• usually double stranded

• wrapped around histone protein in eukaryotes

• Nitrogenous bases include adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

• usually single stranded