Unit 6 Lessons 2 & 3

Compare the main features of democracy and oligarchy. Which of the following statements is true?

• Democracy is ruled by a few wealthy individuals, while oligarchy is ruled by the people.

• Democracy allows all citizens to participate in decision-making, while oligarchy is controlled by a small group.

• Both democracy and oligarchy involve direct participation of all citizens.

• Oligarchy and democracy both require a king to make decisions.

Explain the concept of tyranny in ancient Greece. Which of the following best describes it?

• A form of government where power is held by a king.

• A government where a single ruler seizes power unlawfully and rules without legal right.

• A system where citizens vote directly on laws.

• A government led by elected representatives.

Identify which of the following is a characteristic of Sparta.

• Emphasis on arts and philosophy.

• A strong focus on military training and discipline.

• A government based on direct democracy.

• A society that valued trade and commerce above all.

Discuss the significance of the phalanx formation in ancient Greek warfare.

• It was a naval strategy used by Athens.

• It was a military formation that allowed soldiers to fight as a unit, providing strength and protection.

• It was a diplomatic strategy to form alliances.

• It was a method of building fortifications.

Evaluate the differences between direct democracy and representative democracy. Which statement is correct?

• In direct democracy, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

• In representative democracy, citizens vote on every law and policy directly.

• Direct democracy involves citizens voting directly on laws, while representative democracy involves electing officials to make decisions.

• Both systems require a monarch to oversee the government.

Compare the roles of Cleisthenes and Isagoras in the development of democracy in Athens. Which statement is accurate?

• Cleisthenes supported oligarchy, while Isagoras introduced democracy.

• Cleisthenes is known for his efforts to establish democracy, while Isagoras attempted to maintain oligarchic control.

• Both Cleisthenes and Isagoras were tyrants who opposed democratic reforms.

• Isagoras was a military leader who supported democratic reforms, while Cleisthenes opposed them.

Analyze the role of the ephor in Spartan society. Which of the following best describes their function?

• Ephors were responsible for leading the Spartan army into battle.

• Ephors were elected officials who shared power with the Spartan kings and oversaw daily governance.

• Ephors were religious leaders who conducted ceremonies.

• Ephors were responsible for trade and economic policies.

Explain how the helot system contributed to Sparta's military state. Which statement is true?

• Helots were free citizens who volunteered for military service.

• Helots were enslaved people who worked the land, allowing Spartans to focus on military training.

• Helots were foreign mercenaries hired to fight for Sparta.

• Helots were Spartan nobles who managed the economy.

Discuss the impact of Pericles on Athenian democracy. Which of the following statements is correct?

• Pericles abolished democracy and established a monarchy.

• Pericles expanded the involvement of citizens in government and supported the arts and education.

• Pericles was a Spartan leader who opposed Athenian democracy.

• Pericles introduced oligarchic reforms to limit citizen participation.

Evaluate the role of the Areopagus in Athenian government. Which statement is accurate?

• The Areopagus was a council of elders that advised the king in Sparta.

• The Areopagus was a council of advisers who decided some court cases..

• The Areopagus was a military unit known for its phalanx formation.

• The Areopagus was a group of merchants who controlled trade in Athens.