Front

What is paper chromatography?

Back

A technique used to separate mixtures of substances based on their different affinities to a stationary phase (the paper) and a mobile phase (the solvent).

Front

What is the purpose of the starting pencil line in paper chromatography?

Back

It serves as a reference point for the initial position of the sample and should be below the solvent level to prevent the sample from dissolving in the solvent directly.

Front

What does the term 'retention factor' (Rf) mean in chromatography?

Back

It is a ratio that describes the distance traveled by a substance to the distance traveled by the solvent front, used to identify substances.

Front

How do polarities affect the movement of dyes in paper chromatography?

Back

Dyes with higher polarity will have a greater attraction to the polar paper and will travel less distance compared to less polar dyes.

Front

What happens to more soluble colors in paper chromatography?

Back

They will travel farther up the paper compared to less soluble colors.

Front

What is the relationship between the solvent and the starting pencil line in chromatography?

Back

The solvent should be below the starting pencil line to ensure that the sample does not dissolve directly into the solvent.

Front

What is the significance of the solvent in paper chromatography?

Back

The solvent acts as the mobile phase that carries the substances up the paper, allowing for separation based on solubility.

Front

How can you calculate the retention factor (Rf)?

Back

Rf = (Distance traveled by the substance) / (Distance traveled by the solvent front).

Front

What does it mean if two dyes have the same retention factor?

Back

It indicates that they have similar solubility and polarity characteristics under the same experimental conditions.

Front

Why is it important to use a polar solvent in paper chromatography?

Back

A polar solvent helps to effectively separate polar substances, enhancing the resolution of the chromatographic process.