RI5- Text Structure

This type of writing gives information step-by-step.

• cause & effect

• problem & solution

• chronological order

• compare & contrast

• description

This type of writing includes many adjectives, examples, or characteristics.

• description

• compare & contrast

• order & sequence

• problem & solution

• cause & effect

This type of writing considers similarities and differences.

• description

• compare & contrast

• chronological order

• cause & effect

• problem & solution

No one knows exactly what causes tornados, but some scientists believe that when warm air meets cold air, a tornado may form. The reason for this is that the warm air is lighter than the cold air, so it rises up fast and meets different winds moving different directions. Under the right conditions, this can cause a tornado. Though there is still much mystery surrounding tornados, many people believe that when warm moist air meets cool dry air, tornados can result.

• problem & solution

• cause & effect

• compare & contrast

• sequence/chronological

Did you know that not all deserts are

hot? Both hot and cold deserts are very

dry, but unlike hot deserts, cold deserts have long

winters when the temperatures can reach below

freezing. Cold deserts also get a great deal of

snow, which is certainly not true for hot deserts.

• compare and contrast

• problem and solution

• description

• sequence/chronological

No one knows the true origin of ice cream, but the first published ice cream recipe appears in “Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts,” a cook book that was printed in London in 1718. Sometime around 1832, a confectioner named Augustus Jackson created multiple ice cream recipes and invented a superior technique to manufacture ice cream. Ice cream soda was invented around 1874, but the real breakthrough may have been at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri, when the American ice cream cone was unveiled!

How is the information organized?

• compare and contrast

• chronological order

• problem and solution

• cause and effect

Niagra Falls is one of the most beautiful sights in North America. It is on the Niagra River halfway between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Niagra Falls is located on the American and Canadian border. The American Falls is 167 feet high. On the Canadian side, the Horseshoe Falls is 161 feet high.

Which of the following is NOT a supporting detail?

• The American Falls is 167 feet high

• The Horseshoe Falls is 161 feet high

• Niagra Falls is one of the most beautiful sights in North America

• It is located between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie

The peregrine falcon is a beautiful wild bird. It is also one of the fastest. In 1978, the peregrine falcon was placed on the endangered species list. The main reason the peregrine falcon was dying out was the use of pesticides.

Which of the following is NOT a supporting detail?

• The peregrine falcon is one of the fastest wild birds

• It was placed on the endangered species list

• It was dying out because of pesticides

• The peregrine falcon is an amazing bird

The eye is made up of many parts. The white part of the eye is called the sclera, and the colored part is called the iris. The iris comes in many colors, including brown, blue, green, and hazel. The iris is covered by the cornea, which is clear and round.

• cause and effect

• sequence

• description

• compare and contrast

In our state, dams have been built on many rivers. These dams are used to produce the electricity we need, but they also create problems for fish and other wildlife near the rivers. Therefore, we should not build any more dams. Instead, we should use solar energy, or energy from the sun, to produce electricity. This will help us protect our wildlife and enjoy the natural beauty around us.

• cause and effect

• problem and solution

• compare and contrast

• description