Forces and Newton's Laws

Listed in the Item Bank are key terms and expressions, each of which is associated with one of the columns. Some terms may display additional information when you click on them. Drag and drop each item into the correct column. Order does not matter.

Groups:

(a) Newton's 1st Law

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(b) Newton's 2nd Law

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(c) Newton's 3rd Law

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(d) Newton's Secret 4th Law

• Your car breaks down. As your friend helps you push it, it begins to move and speed up.

• A ball is rolling straight across the floor until Bradley kicks it.

• When riding the bumper cars at the fair, you bump into your friend and your car bounces back.

• A bowling ball and a baseball both hit your foot at the same speed. The bowling ball hurts more

• This law does not exist.

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Drag the scenario to the correct Newton's Law.

Groups:

(a) Newton's 1st Law

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(b) Newton's 2nd Law

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(c) Newton's 3rd Law

• It takes less force to move a ping pong ball than a bowling ball.

• A ball rolling down hill continues to roll until friction makes it slow to a stop.

• F = ma

• A fireman turns on his hose and is knocked backwards.

• If air lets out of a balloon quickly, it pushes down and the balloon moves up.

• A soccer ball will not move until a player kicks it.

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Consider the four free body diagrams. Free-body diagrams are used to show the magnitude and direction of all forces acting on an object in a given situation. Do any of the free body diagrams indicate motion? If yes, which one(s).

• No. In all four free body diagrams the forces are balanced.

• Yes. In B the book is slowing down because of the friction force opposing motion.

• Yes. In D the two forces are unbalanced. The upward force is greater than the force of gravity so the object moves upward.

• Yes. In B and D. In both cases, forces are unbalanced. In B, there is a net force to the left; in D there is a net force upward.

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While studying Newton's laws of motion, Margie and her lab partner were tasked with determining the relationship between mass and force. They placed four different masses on a table and pulled them using a spring scale. The table shows the different masses used in the experiment and the force required to pull each mass.
The students concluded that more force was required to pull heavier objects. What comment would you make regarding this conclusion?

• No clear friction can be observed between mass and force from the data.

• There is a direct proportion between the mass and force listed in the table.

• There is an inverse proportion between the mass and force listed in the table.

• It cannot be determined until they consider the force of friction on the movement.

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John and Angie were each pushing a box across the floor. They both push their own box with a force of 30 Newtons; however, Angie's box does not move. What can you infer is the reason Angie's box didn't move?

• No work was done on the box.

• Gravity did not act on the box.

• John's box might have been on an incline.

• She was probably smaller than John so she didn't have enough strength to move the box.

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Drag the item from the item bank to its corresponding match.​

• friction

• any change in speed or direction of an object's motion

• force

• a change of position of an object

• acceleration

• an attractive force acting between two massive objects

• motion

• push or pull of any kind

• gravity

• a force that resists motion between objects that are touching

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Liz puts a 1 kg weight and a 10 kg weight on identical sleds. She then applies a 10N force to each sled. Explain why the smaller weight has a larger acceleration.

• The same amount of force is applied to both sleds.

• The acceleration is directly proportional to the sled.

• It indicates the extent of the unbalanced forces present.

• Acceleration depends indirectly on the mass of the object.

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Urban hits his golf ball but is disappointed when it doesn't follow the course to the left. What does Newton's First Law of Motion say about the travel of an object?

• Every action has an equal and opposite reaction applies.

• Inertia accelerates due to the unbalanced forces present.

• An object at rest will move when external force is applied

• It will travel in a straight path unless changed by an external force.

A 10-kg object is pushed across a rough surface. It begins at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s in a distance of 5m. Which fact(s) support the conclusion that the object experiences an unbalanced force?

• The rough surface has friction.

• The object has a mass of 10 kg

• The object accelerates across the surface.

• The object has a force applied to it and covers a distance.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Veronica and her little sister, Monique, are playing on a seesaw. If Veronica weighs 75 pounds, and Monique weighs 60 pounds, which statement is true?

• If they push back and forth for a long time, the seesaw will begin to move on its own through gravity

• If they both push off the ground with equal force the seesaw will balance and their heights would be level

• To lift herself from the ground, Monique will need to push much harder than Veronica because she is lighter

• If they stop adding force to make the seesaw move, Monique will be in the air and Veronica will be touching the ground.

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