Exploring Genetic Variations

Which of the following processes results in the formation of gametes with different genetic combinations?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Binary fission

• Budding

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide?

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Substitution

• Duplication

Which of the following is a possible result of a mutation in a DNA sequence?

• Increased genetic diversity

• Decreased genetic diversity

• No change in genetic diversity

• All of the above

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which environmental factor is most likely to cause mutations in DNA?

• Temperature

• Ultraviolet radiation

• Humidity

• Wind

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A mutation in which type of cell can be passed on to offspring?

• Somatic cell

• Germ cell

• Skin cell

• Muscle cell

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following statements best describes the role of meiosis in genetic variation?

• Meiosis produces identical cells.

• Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.

• Meiosis increases the chromosome number.

• Meiosis results in genetic recombination.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Explain how a mutation in a single gene can lead to a genetic disorder.

• The mutation causes the gene to be deleted.

• The mutation alters the protein produced by the gene.

• The mutation duplicates the gene.

• The mutation has no effect on the gene.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A population of insects is exposed to a pesticide. Over time, some insects develop resistance to the pesticide. Which process is most likely responsible for this change?

• Genetic drift

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

• Artificial selection

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

How can environmental factors lead to genetic mutations?

• By directly altering the DNA sequence

• By increasing the rate of cell division

• By decreasing the rate of protein synthesis

• By stabilizing the DNA structure

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A scientist observes a population of birds with varying beak sizes. Over several generations, the average beak size increases. What is the most likely explanation for this change?

• Genetic drift

• Mutation

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4