Quarterly Science Assessment

How does the small intestine contribute to nutrient absorption?

• It filters out waste products from the blood.

• It produces acid to break down food further.

• It stores undigested food until it is ready for elimination.

• It uses its large surface area, with villi and microvilli, to maximize nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.

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A person is experiencing trouble digesting fats and has an issue with a digestive organ that produces bile. Which organ is likely affected?

• Large Intestine

• Liver

• Pancreas

• Stomach

How do kidneys contribute to maintaining the body’s internal balance?

• They regulate blood pressure, balance fluid levels, and filter waste products from the blood.

• They filter out only unnecessary nutrients from the blood.

• They help with oxygen absorption into the bloodstream.

• They produce bile for digesting fats.

Why is it critical for the kidneys to regulate electrolyte levels in the body?

• Electrolytes are only important for digestion.

• Excess electrolytes are stored in the kidneys indefinitely.

• Electrolytes are only used for energy production in the body.

• Balanced electrolytes are essential for proper muscle and nerve function, as well as hydration.

A person experiences symptoms of fatigue, swelling, and high blood pressure. Blood tests reveal elevated waste levels in their blood. Which kidney function is likely impaired, and what might be a potential consequence?

• The kidneys are absorbing too much oxygen, leading to shortness of breath.

• The kidney’s ability to produce hormones is impaired, possibly leading to anemia.

• The kidney’s ability to regulate body temperature is impaired, causing low-grade fever.

• The kidneys' filtration function is impaired, leading to toxin buildup and potential organ stress.

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How does the heart support the body's need for nutrients and oxygen during physical activity?

• It slows down blood flow to conserve energy.

• It temporarily shuts down to preserve blood for vital organs.

• It transfers oxygen directly to muscles through its own tissues.

• It increases the strength and rate of its contractions, pumping more oxygenated blood into the muscles.

A patient is experiencing shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. What might these symptoms indicate about the function of their heart?

• The heart may be struggling to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the body.

• The heart is working too fast, reducing blood flow to the body.

• The heart is absorbing excess oxygen from the lungs.

• The heart is overproducing red blood cells.

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A plant in a dry environment has long roots and smaller leaves. How do these adaptations help the plant thrive in such conditions?

• The long roots and smaller leaves make the plant taller to compete for sunlight.

• The long roots allow it to reach deep water sources, while smaller leaves reduce water loss.

• Long roots help the plant produce food, and smaller leaves increase photosynthesis.

• The adaptations have no impact on water conservation in dry environments.

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If a plant’s leaves are wilting and the stem is weak, which part of the plant might not be working well, and what would you suggest to improve it?

• The flower system; add more flowers.

• The stem system; cut the stem shorter.

• The shoot system; place the plant in sunlight.

• The root system: ensure it has enough water and nutrients.

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The boy noticed that a plant with a healthy root system has strong, tall stem and green leaves. If the plant suddenly begins to wilt, what could be a possible reason?

• The plant has too many leaves.

• The plant has too much sunlight.

• The shoot system is growing too fast.

• The root system is not getting enough water or nutrients.

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