DNA Transcription and Translation

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What is DNA transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA serves as a template for translating genetic information into proteins by providing the sequence of codons that determine the amino acid sequence.

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What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

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Translation occurs in the ribosome, which can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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What is the difference between transcription and translation?

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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription by unwinding the DNA and adding complementary RNA nucleotides.

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What is the significance of the promoter region in DNA?

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The promoter region is a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene and is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

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What are introns and exons?

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Introns are non-coding sequences in a gene that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding sequences that remain and are expressed in the final mRNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of 64 codons that specify 20 amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1