Chapter 15 Permanent Wave

What tough exterior layer of the hair has the purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage?

• Hair shaft

• Cuticle

• Cortex

• Medulla

Which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair?

• Hair shaft

• Cuticle

• Cortex

• Medulla

Which layer of hair is the innermost layer of the hair, and often called the pith or core of the hair?

• Hair shaft

• Cuticle

• Cortex

• Medulla

The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential ____, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of ____ ions in solution.

• hydrogen; hydrogen

• hydrogen; oxygen

• oxygen; oxygen

• oxygen; nitrogen

The range of numbers used in the pH scale is ____.

• 0 to 5

• 0 to 7

• 0 to 10

• 0 to 14

Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to ____.

• expand and harden the shaft

• harden and close the shaft

• swell and set the shaft

• soften and swell the shaft

The neutralizing solution for a perm processes for how long?

• 5 minutes

• 2 minutes

• 10 minutes

• 3 minutes

The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are _____.

• disulfide, trisulfide, and hydrogen

• disulfide, salt, and hydrogen

• disulfide, salt, and oxygen

• disulfide, chlorine, and hydrogen

Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in pH?

• Disulfide bonds

• Salt bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Keratin proteins

_____ is a two-step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.

• Cascade curling

• Chemical texture service

• Permanent waving

• Temporary waving