Ela 10A

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. 

Jaden and his group members are attending a planning meeting for an upcoming science presentation. The goal of the meeting is to decide on a design for their project’s display. Jaden has brought images of sample science projects from past science fairs, along with teacher feedback reports from previous years. 

What makes Jaden an effective group discussion participant? Select three options.

• He has come prepared to answer questions thoughtfully.

• He has more information about science fairs than anyone else. 

• He has reviewed available materials for the topic being discussed.

• He can support his opinions with facts from past science fairs.

• He is confident in his opinions and can dominate the conversation. 

Read the conversation between Louise and Mark. 

LOUISE. If we decide to order a new scoreboard for the gym, we should probably order it before the end of next week. I reached out to the manufacturer and learned that the scoreboard we’ve discussed will take three months to build and ship. If we place the order next week, the scoreboard will arrive just in time for the new school year. Unfortunately, shipping takes— 

MARK, interrupting Louise. Placing an order requires a 50 percent deposit up front in the form of a certified check. I’m not sure I can get a check from the treasurer by next week. I’m not even sure we have enough money saved to pay for it. 

LOUISE. Thanks for the reminder, Mark. Kristin, how much have we raised in candy bar sales so far? The total cost with shipping is $1,400.00, but with the sponsorship money, the total comes to only $580. 

How should Mark adjust his behavior to be a more effective discussion participant? Select two options

• He should address the topic with Louise after the discussion. 

• He should keep the discussion on schedule by moving to the next topic. 

• He should ask a question to clarify the cost of the scoreboard. 

• He should raise his hand to indicate that he wants to enter the conversation.

• He should take notes reminding himself to do research on shipping times later.

Read the speech excerpt delivered by a mayor standing outside a new museum. 

We are over the moon about the newest addition to our family of museums, located right here in the heart of downtown. Only four short years ago, a group of local students marched right into my office with an idea. They told me of their families, of their heritage, of how their tribes want their legacies to live on in the hearts of others. So, we held community meetings, found a site, and hired builders, and now here we are, 47 months later, standing in front of one of the most beautiful Indigenous museums I have ever seen. The inside is filled with the most inspirational stories and artifacts you will ever know. 

Which word best describes the mayor's tone? 

• encouraging 

• proud

• kind

• formal 

Read the excerpt from a speech delivered by a city mayor. 

We are over the moon about the newest addition to our family of museums, located right here in the heart of downtown. Only four short years ago, a group of local students marched right into my office with an idea. They told me of their families, of their heritage, of how their tribes want their legacies to live on in the hearts of others. So, we held community meetings, found a site, and hired builders, and now here we are, 47 months later, standing in front of one of the most beautiful Indigenous museums I have ever seen. The inside is filled with the most inspirational stories and artifacts you will ever know. 

How does the structure of this excerpt strengthen the speaker’s credibility? 

• The mayor includes the construction time to emphasize the museum’s value.

• The mayor details the events that led the city to build a new Indigenous museum.

• The mayor explains how the lack of museums downtown was finally solved. 

• The mayor compares the new museum to others in the downtown area.

Why does Roosevelt use repetition in his request for a declaration of war? 

• to highlight his own credibility

• to provide alternative courses of action 

• to compare the experiences of countries 

• to emphasize the threat posed by Japan

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. 

The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. 

What is Taney’s claim in this passage? 

• that Black people were covered by the Constitution’s definition of citizen 

• that emancipated Black people had rights guaranteed by the government 

• that Black people were not part of the group considered citizens by the Constitution

• that Black people would have to get the government's permission to be citizens 

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. 

The question then arises, whether the provisions of the Constitution, in relation to the personal rights and privileges to which the citizen of a State should be entitled, embraced the negro African race, at that time in this country, or who might afterwards be imported, who had then or should afterwards be made free in any State; and to put it in the power of a single State to make him a citizen of the United States, and 

endue him with the full rights of citizenship in every other State without their consent? Does the Constitution of the United States act upon him whenever he shall be made free under the laws of a State, and raised there to the rank of a citizen, and immediately clothe him with all the privileges of a citizen in every other State, and in its own courts? 

The court thinks the affirmative of these propositions cannot be maintained. And if it cannot, the plaintiff in error could not be a citizen of the State of Missouri, within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States, and, consequently, was not entitled to sue in its courts. 

Why is Justice Taney’s argument ineffective?

• He uses the freedom of Black people as evidence. 

• He uses a previous status of Black people as evidence.

• He uses the dissenting argument of the court as evidence. 

• He uses the ruling of the previous court as evidence. 

A prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his study, than war and its rules and discipline; for this is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often enables men to rise from a private station to that rank. 

And, on the contrary, it is seen that when princes have thought more of ease than of arms they have lost their states. And the first cause of your losing it is to neglect this art; and what enables you to acquire a state is to be master of the art. Francesco Sforza, through being martial, from a private person became Duke of Milan; and the sons, through avoiding the hardships and troubles of arms, from dukes became private persons. For among other evils which being unarmed brings you, it causes you to be despised, and this is one of those ignominies against which a prince ought to guard himself, as is shown later on. 

What type of evidence does Machiavelli use to support his claim that a prince should have no aim other than war and its rules and discipline? 

• logical evidence 

• anecdotal evidence 

• empirical evidence 

• both logical and anecdotal evidence

Read this passage from chapter 10 of The Prince. 

Therefore, a prince who has a strong city, and had not made himself odious, will not be attacked, or if anyone should attack he will only be driven off with disgrace; again, because that the affairs of this world are so changeable, it is almost impossible to keep an army a whole year in the field without being interfered with. And whoever should reply: If the people have property outside the city, and see it burnt, they will not remain patient, and the long siege and self-interest will make them forget their prince; to this I answer that a powerful and courageous prince will overcome all such difficulties by giving at one time hope to his subjects that the evil will not be for long, at another time fear of the cruelty of the enemy, then preserving himself adroitly from those subjects who seem to him to be too bold.

Which statement best summarizes the central idea of the passage? 

• Cities with the best defenses have little territory around them. 

• Strong fortifications will not deter a resolute army. 

• A prince must abandon his city during an attack. 

• A prince should reassure his subjects during an attack. 

Which statements describe what to do when writing an effective summary of a speech? Select three options. 

• Include the rhetorical techniques used in the speech. 

• State the speaker’s central idea in your own words. 

• Include all the details and examples given in the speech.

• Present the ideas in the same order they appear in the speech.

• Begin with the central idea and then include a few key details.