Absolutism and Enlightenment Test Review

Before the American Revolution, John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu wrote about the need for governments to be responsible to the people they govern. Montesquieu advocated constitutionalism and the preservation of civil liberties. Locke favored a social contract between a country’s citizens and their government.

Which quote from the Declaration of Independence most closely combines the ideas of these two men?

• A) "Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes. . . ."

• B) "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

• C) "The history of the present . . . is a history of repeated injuries . . . having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny. . . ."

• D) "He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual . . . for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures."

The English Bill of Rights of 1689 specified which method for the selection of members of Parliament?

• election

• inheritance of title

• educational achievement

• appointment by the monarch

Which statement best describes the impact of the English Bill of Rights?

• It abolished slavery in the colonies.

• It limited the power of the monarchy.

• It granted all citizens equal protection under the law.

• It prevented social institutions from discriminating against minorities.

Which statement is the best explanation of the divine right of kings?

• A) People are sovereign.

• B) People are born with God-given rights.

• C) The king must abide by the social contract.

• D) The king answers only to God.

What impact did Peter the Great have on Russia?

• A) He created a more democratic government by introducing a legislature.

• B) He modernized the country by adopting western technology and customs.

• C) He expanded the empire by establishing colonies in Africa and the Americas.

• D) He isolated the empire by cutting off trade relationships with foreign countries.

Which word best completes the title of the list?

__________Ideas and American Democracy

- Government is a social construct based on consent of the governed

- People have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

-The powers of a just government are separated into different branches.

• Christian

• Enlightenment

• Reformation

• Roman

What was a provision of the English Bill of Rights in 1689?

• Taxes must be approved by Parliament.

• Parliament is prohibited from raising an army.

• The monarch can reject the decisions of judges.

• Execution of laws is the right solely of the monarch.

How did the English Civil War lead to the downfall of absolutism in England during the 17th century?

• The monarch was tried and executed.

• The colonies gained their independence.

• Catholicism became the national religion.

• Puritans were forced to leave the country.

The heliocentric model of the universe was developed by which person?

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Francis Bacon

• René Descartes

What was a primary focus of the Enlightenment philosophers?

• increasing faith by examining religious texts

• achieving wisdom through experiences with nature

• seeking progress through the expansion of human knowledge

• pursuing spiritual experiences through the revival of religious tradition