Rocks and Energy Quiz

Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?

• Marble

• Granite

• Sandstone

• Slate

Answer explanation

Granite is an igneous rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma. In contrast, marble is a metamorphic rock, sandstone is a sedimentary rock, and slate is also a metamorphic rock.

What is the main component of most minerals?

• Water

• Organic compounds

• Chemical elements

• Air

Answer explanation

The main component of most minerals is chemical elements. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances, primarily composed of various chemical elements, which combine in specific ways to form different minerals.

Which of the following properties helps in identifying a mineral?

• Shape

• Hardness

• Density

• All of the above

Answer explanation

All of the listed properties—shape, hardness, and density—are essential for identifying minerals. Each property provides unique information that helps distinguish one mineral from another.

Which rock is formed from the cooling of lava or magma?

• Sedimentary rock

• Igneous rock

• Metamorphic rock

• Fossilized rock

Answer explanation

Igneous rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of lava or magma. Unlike sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, which are formed through different processes, igneous rocks originate directly from molten material.

What is the process called when minerals are formed from the cooling of molten material?

• Erosion

• Compaction

• Crystallization

• Sublimation

Answer explanation

The process of crystallization occurs when molten material cools and solidifies, allowing minerals to form as the atoms arrange into a structured pattern. This distinguishes it from erosion, compaction, and sublimation.

Which mineral is the hardest according to Mohs scale?

• Quartz

• Diamond

• Talc

• Topaz

Answer explanation

Diamond is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale, rated at 10. In contrast, quartz, talc, and topaz have lower hardness ratings, making diamond the correct answer.

Which of the following is NOT a type of sedimentary rock?

• Limestone

• Sandstone

• Basalt

• Shale

Answer explanation

Basalt is an igneous rock formed from cooled lava, while limestone, sandstone, and shale are all types of sedimentary rocks formed from the accumulation of sediments. Therefore, basalt is NOT a sedimentary rock.

Which of these is a characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

• They form at the Earth's surface.

• They are formed by heat and pressure.

• They are made from lava.

• They contain fossils.

Answer explanation

Metamorphic rocks are formed under heat and pressure, which alters their mineral composition and structure. This distinguishes them from other rock types, such as igneous rocks that form from lava or sedimentary rocks that may contain fossils.

Which of the following is a common use for granite?

• Jewelry

• Construction

• Cooking

• Paper

Answer explanation

Granite is commonly used in construction due to its durability and strength, making it ideal for buildings, countertops, and flooring. Other options like jewelry and cooking are less typical uses for granite.

What is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust?

• Feldspar

• Quartz

• Calcite

• Mica

Answer explanation

Feldspar is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust, making up about 60% of it. It is more common than quartz, calcite, and mica, which are also prevalent but in lesser amounts.