Topic 3 TP : Constructivist Theories and Their Applications @OUM

Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Concrete Operational

• Post-formal

What is the primary feature of the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)?

• Abstract thinking

• Differentiating oneself from objects

• Mastery of numbers

• Logical reasoning

What process involves modifying existing knowledge to understand new information, according to Piaget?

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

• Equilibrium

• Disequilibrium

In Piaget's theory, what is the balance between assimilation and accommodation called?

• Schema

• Scaffolding

• Equilibrium

• Cognitive constructivism

What is the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD)?

• The range of tasks a child can perform independently

• The gap between what a child can do alone and with help

• A measure of standardized intelligence

• A child's ability to solve abstract problems

Which concept in Vygotsky's theory emphasizes guidance by a knowledgeable person?

• Scaffolding

• Assimilation

• Symbolic mode

• Disequilibrium

According to Vygotsky, what plays a critical role in a child's cognitive development?

• Physical maturity

• Individual exploration

• Social interaction

• Formal instruction

In Bruner's theory, what is the enactive mode?

• Understanding through visual images

• Understanding through physical actions

• Understanding through symbols

• Understanding through logic

Which learning approach does Bruner emphasize?

• Rote memorization

• Discovery learning

• Direct instruction

• Standardized testing

According to Bruner, which mode involves using words and numbers to store information?

• Enactive

• Iconic

• Symbolic

• Visual