Biological Molecules and Functional Groups

What are the seven functional groups that are most important?

• Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl

• Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate

• Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl

• Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl

What is the definition of functional groups?

• Groups of atoms that occur within organic molecules and give specific chemical properties to those molecules.

• Groups of atoms that occur within inorganic molecules.

• Groups of atoms that are only found in proteins.

• Groups of atoms that are only found in carbohydrates.

What is the process of condensation?

• Chemical process by which 2 molecules (monomers) are joined together to make a larger, more complex molecule (polymers) with the loss of water.

• Chemical process by which 2 molecules are split into smaller sections.

• Chemical process that occurs only in lipids.

• Chemical process that occurs only in nucleic acids.

What is the role of phosphate groups in organic molecules?

• Transfer energy between organic molecules.

• Stabilize the structure of proteins.

• Form non-polar covalent bonds.

• Act as a base.

What are the properties of hydrophilic functional groups?

• They can ionize to release hydrogen ions.

• They are non-polar.

• They do not interact with water.

• They are only found in carbohydrates.

What is the significance of the hydroxyl group?

• It improves the solubility of organic molecules.

• It decreases the solubility of organic molecules.

• It is only found in proteins.

• It is a non-polar group.

What is the structure of a carbonyl group?

• An oxygen atom joined to the carbon skeleton by a double bond.

• A carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.

• A carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom.

• A carbon atom bonded to a sulfur atom.

What is the function of methyl groups?

• Affects the expression of genes when bonded to DNA.

• Acts as a base.

• Stabilizes the structure of proteins.

• Forms non-polar covalent bonds.

What is the role of amino groups in organic compounds?

• They act as bases.

• They act as acids.

• They are only found in carbohydrates.

• They stabilize protein structures.

What is the significance of the carboxyl group?

• It acts as an acid.

• It acts as a base.

• It is a non-polar group.

• It is only found in lipids.