Space Physics (Review)

What is the life cycle of a star from birth to death?

• nebula -> black hole -> red giant -> main sequence star

• protostar -> supernova -> neutron star -> planetary nebula

• red giant -> main sequence star -> nebula -> white dwarf

• nebula -> protostar -> main sequence star -> red giant/supergiant -> white dwarf or black hole.

How do black holes form and what are their characteristics?

• Black holes are formed by the merging of small stars.

• Black holes have no gravitational pull and are invisible.

• Black holes are created by the explosion of supernovae.

• Black holes form from the collapse of massive stars and have characteristics such as a singularity, an event horizon, and immense gravitational pull.

What are the main components of the Earth’s atmosphere?

• Hydrogen (75%)

• Methane (5%)

• Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.93%), Carbon Dioxide (0.04%), and trace gases.

• Helium (20%)

Describe the structure of the solar system and its major bodies.

• The solar system is made up of a single planet orbiting a distant star.

• The solar system includes ten planets, with the Sun being the largest planet.

• The solar system is structured around the Sun, with eight planets, moons, dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets.

• The solar system consists of the Earth as the only planet and no other celestial bodies.

What role does the Sun play in the solar system?

• The Sun is a planet that orbits the Earth.

• The Sun is a black hole that consumes everything around it.

• The Sun is the central star that provides light and heat, and it governs the orbits of the planets through its gravitational pull.

• The Sun is a source of water for the planets.

Explain the process of nuclear fusion in stars.

• Nuclear fusion in stars involves the splitting of helium nuclei into hydrogen.

• Nuclear fusion in stars is the process where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing energy.

• Nuclear fusion in stars is the process of combining carbon atoms to form oxygen.

• Nuclear fusion occurs only in supernova explosions, not in regular stars.

What are the different types of stars and how are they classified?

• Yellow Dwarfs

• Red Supergiants

• Blue Giants

• Main Sequence, Red Giants, White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Black Holes

How does the gravitational force affect the motion of planets?

• Gravitational force causes planets to move in straight lines.

• Gravitational force keeps planets in elliptical orbits around the Sun.

• Gravitational force pulls planets directly towards the Sun.

• Gravitational force has no effect on the motion of planets.

What evidence supports the Big Bang theory?

• The discovery of black holes

• The existence of dark matter

• Evidence supporting the Big Bang theory includes the redshift of galaxies, cosmic microwave background radiation, and the abundance of light elements.

• The theory of evolution

What are exoplanets and how are they detected?

• Exoplanets are stars that are far away from Earth.

• Exoplanets are planets outside our solar system.

• Exoplanets are planets within our solar system.

• Exoplanets are moons orbiting other planets.