Atoms Review (Physical Science)

John and Gina combined sodium chloride with two different substances, water and silver nitrate, in their experiment. Based on their observations, which statements are true about the physical and chemical properties of sodium chloride? Select all that apply.

• When sodium chloride completely dissolved in the water, this showed a chemical property of sodium chloride.

• When the sodium chloride reacted with the silver nitrate to produce a new substance, this showed a physical property of sodium chloride.

• When the sodium chloride reacted with the silver nitrate to produce a new substance, this showed a chemical property of sodium chloride.

• When sodium chloride combined with another substance and changed, this showed a physical property of sodium chloride.

• When sodium chloride completely dissolved in the water, this showed a physical property of sodium chloride.

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Which BEST describes how the reaction affects the charges of the ions in the product?

• Donating an electron causes the sodium atom to have fewer electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a negative charge. Receiving an electron causes the chlorine atom to have more electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a positive charge.

• Receiving an electron causes the sodium atom to have more electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a positive charge. Donating the electron causes the chlorine atom to have fewer electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a negative charge.

• Donating an electron causes the sodium atom to have fewer electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a positive charge. Receiving the electron causes the chlorine atom to have more electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a negative charge.

• Receiving an electron causes the sodium atom to have more electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a negative charge. Donating the electron causes the chlorine atom to have fewer electrons than protons, which causes the ion to have a positive charge.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

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Using the information the students collected, which model MOST LIKELY represents the sodium chloride product?

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Which of the following diagrams has the parts of an atom correctly labeled?

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

How does a chlorine atom become a negatively charged ion?

• It gains an electron.

• It loses a proton.

• It gains a neutron.

• It loses an electron.

Which of the following is a chemical property?

• mass

• reactivity with an acid

• boiling point

• ability to dissolve in water

Which number is used to identify an atom?

• Y is used because it does not vary in atoms of the same element.

• X is used because it does not vary in atoms of the same element.

• X is used because it represents the number of neutrons in an atom.

• Y is used because it represents the number of electrons in an atom.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Four elements are shown. Use the periodic table to choose the most stable element.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What happens when a sodium atom becomes a sodium ion?

• A valence electron is gained.

• A valence electron is lost.

• A proton is gained.

• A proton is lost.

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Which is used to determine if an atom is a specific isotope of another atom?

• Both X and Y, because an isotope is determined by the number of protons and neutrons.

• Neither X nor Y, because an isotope is determined by the number of electrons and protons.

• Y, because it represents the number of protons in an atom and is used to calculate the mass.

• X, because it represents the number of neutrons in an atom and is used to calculate the mass.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1