Biopsych topic recap

What does the prefrontal cortex regulate?

• Memory formation

• Impulsive behaviour

• Sensory processing

• Balance and coordination

Which case study is often cited to show the impact of brain injuries on behaviour?

• Charles Whitman

• Phineas Gage

• Raine et al.

• SM

What behavioural changes occurred in Phineas Gage after his accident?

• Improved memory

• Increased aggression and impulsivity

• Loss of motor function

• Enhanced social skills

The amygdala is primarily responsible for:

• Coordinating muscle movement

• Evaluating emotions and threats

• Processing visual information

• Regulating sleep cycles

What finding did Raine et al. (1997) report about the brains of murderers?

• Reduced activity in the amygdala

• Localised damage in the prefrontal cortex

• Increased serotonin levels

• Larger hippocampus size

What is the MAOA gene often referred to as?

• The Warrior Gene

• The Criminal Gene

• The Aggression Gene

• The Impulsivity Gene

The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development found that:

• Genetics have no influence on crime

• Half of all criminal convictions came from 23 families

• Environmental factors solely explain criminality

• Criminal behaviour is random across populations

What type of study is used to separate genetic from environmental influences?

• Case studies

• Adoption studies

• Twin studies

• Observational studies

In twin studies, monozygotic twins share:

• 50% of their genes

• The same environment but no genetic similarities

• 100% of their genes

• None of the above

What is one limitation of twin studies?

• They can isolate genetics entirely

• Concordance rates are always 100%

• Environmental factors cannot be ruled out

• Only dizygotic twins can be studied