Exploring Atomic Theories

What did Democritus propose about the nature of matter?

• Matter is made up of continuous substances.

• Matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

• Matter consists of only two elements: earth and water.

• Matter is composed of large, visible particles.

How did Lavoisier contribute to the concept of conservation of mass?

• Lavoisier established the law of conservation of mass by showing that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

• Lavoisier proposed that mass can be created in reactions.

• Lavoisier discovered the atomic theory of matter.

• Lavoisier's work focused solely on the properties of gases.

What is Dalton's main postulate regarding atoms?

• All matter is made of molecules, which are the smallest units of elements.

• Atoms are the largest units of elements and can be divided into smaller parts.

• All matter is made of indivisible atoms, which are the smallest units of elements.

• Atoms can be created and destroyed in chemical reactions.

What was William Prout's significant contribution to atomic theory?

• Prout's discovery of the electron as the smallest particle.

• Prout's assertion that atomic weights are equal for all elements.

• Prout's hypothesis that hydrogen is the fundamental unit of atomic weights.

• Prout's theory that all atoms are made of carbon.

How did J.J. Thomson discover the electron?

• J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through experiments with static electricity.

• J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by analyzing the properties of metals.

• J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by studying the behavior of light in prisms.

• J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through experiments with cathode rays in a vacuum tube.

What did Democritus call the indivisible particles of matter?

• molecules

• particles

• atomos

• elements

What experiment did Lavoisier conduct to demonstrate conservation of mass?

• Lavoisier's experiment involving combustion in a vacuum to demonstrate mass increase.

• Lavoisier's experiment with an open container to show mass loss.

• Lavoisier's experiment using a gas chamber to measure weight changes.

• Lavoisier's experiment with a closed container to show that mass is conserved.

What are the key features of Dalton's atomic model?

• Compounds consist of only one type of atom.

• 1. All matter is made of indivisible atoms. 2. Atoms of the same element are identical. 3. Compounds are formed from different atoms. 4. Chemical reactions involve atom rearrangement.

• All atoms are different from one another.

• Atoms can be created or destroyed in reactions.

How did Prout's work influence the understanding of atomic weights?

• Prout's work suggested atomic weights are multiples of hydrogen's weight, influencing systematic measurement and standardization.

• Prout's work proposed that atomic weights vary randomly without any pattern.

• Prout's work indicated that atomic weights are irrelevant to chemical reactions.

• Prout's work established atomic weights as fixed values for all elements.

What was the significance of the cathode ray experiment conducted by Thomson?

• The experiment led to the discovery of the electron and challenged the existing atomic model.

• The experiment confirmed the existence of protons.

• It demonstrated the behavior of light as a wave.

• The experiment was primarily focused on studying chemical reactions.