Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling is a form of cell communication where a signaling molecule (ligand) is released by a cell and affects nearby target cells in the local environment.

Front

What are gated ion channels?

Back

Gated ion channels are a type of membrane protein that opens or closes in response to specific stimuli, allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane, which is crucial for processes like nerve impulse transmission.

Front

What is a ligand in cell communication?

Back

A ligand is a signaling molecule that binds to a specific receptor on a target cell, initiating a response.

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What is endocrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream, allowing them to travel long distances to target cells throughout the body.

Front

What is autocrine signaling?

Back

Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell releases a signaling molecule that binds to receptors on its own surface, affecting its own activity.

Front

What is synaptic signaling?

Back

Synaptic signaling is a form of communication between neurons where neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron across a synapse.

Front

What role do receptors play in cell communication?

Back

Receptors are proteins on the surface or inside of cells that bind to specific ligands, triggering a cellular response.

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What is the difference between paracrine and endocrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling affects nearby cells locally, while endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells.

Front

What is the function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

Back

GPCRs are a large family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways, influencing various cellular responses.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events, often involving receptors and second messengers.