Understanding Midstream Processes

What is the midstream part of the value chain?

• Extraction of minerals and metals

• Retail and sales of finished products

• Processing, transportation, and storage of raw materials and intermediate products.

• Research and development of new technologies

What are gas plants primarily responsible for?

• Natural gas extraction

• Air conditioning systems

• Water purification

• Electricity generation

What is meant by 'pipeline quality' dry natural gas?

• Natural gas that meets specific purity standards for pipeline transport.

• Natural gas that is stored in underground caverns.

• Natural gas that is extracted from shale formations.

• Natural gas that is used for residential heating.

What restrictions do major transportation pipelines impose?

• Cost analysis and budgeting

• Public transportation schedules

• Pipeline construction timelines

• Safety regulations, environmental assessments, land use agreements, and maintenance requirements.

What must be done to natural gas before it can be transported?

• Natural gas must be cooled to extreme temperatures before transport.

• Natural gas can be transported without any treatment.

• Natural gas must be processed and purified.

• Natural gas should be mixed with other gases for transport.

What are the principal hydrocarbons found in raw natural gas?

• Methane, ethane, propane, butane

• Hexane, heptane, octane, nonane

• Benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene

• Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide

What is hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and where is it found?

• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a blue liquid found in ocean water.

• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a green gas produced by photosynthesis.

• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas found in natural gas, volcanic gases, and produced by the decomposition of organic matter.

• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a solid mineral found in rocks.

What are natural gas liquids (NGL)?

• Natural gas liquids are a type of renewable energy source.

• Natural gas liquids are primarily composed of water and carbon dioxide.

• Natural gas liquids (NGL) are hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane, and natural gasoline that are extracted from natural gas.

• Natural gas liquids are solid minerals found in the earth.

How are associated hydrocarbons used in the industry?

• Associated hydrocarbons are exclusively used for water purification processes.

• Associated hydrocarbons are mainly utilized in textile manufacturing.

• Associated hydrocarbons are used in the industry for fuel production, chemical synthesis, and as feedstocks for petrochemicals.

• Associated hydrocarbons are primarily used for agricultural fertilizers.

What role do gas processing plants play in the midstream sector?

• Gas processing plants generate electricity for local grids.

• Gas processing plants are used for drilling new gas wells.

• Gas processing plants store natural gas for future use.

• Gas processing plants refine natural gas for transportation and sale.